《养竹记》翻译及注释
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唐代：白居易
竹似贤，何哉？竹本固，固以树德，君子见其本，则思善建不拔者。竹性直，直以立身；君子见其性，则思中立不倚者。竹心空，空以体道；君子见其心，则思应用虚受者。竹节贞，贞以立志；君子见其节，则思砥砺名行，夷险一致者。夫如是，故君子人多树之，为庭实焉。
译文： 竹子像贤人，这是为什么，竹子的根稳固，稳固是为了确立竹子的本性，君子看见它的根，就想到要培植好坚定不移的品格。竹子的秉性直，直是为了站住身体，君子看见它这种秉性，就想到要正直无私，不趋炎附势。竹子的心空，空是为了虚心接受道，君子看见它的心，就想到要虚心接受一切有用的东西。竹子的节坚定，坚定是为了立志，君子看见它的节，就想到要磨炼自己的品行，不管一帆风顺还是遇到危险时，都始终如一。正因为如此，君子都喜欢种竹，把它作为庭院中存在价值的东西。
注释： 本：根。固：稳固。树：树立。倚：偏颇。体道：体悟仁德。虚受：虚心接受。贞：坚定。砥砺：磨练，锻练。名行：名节操行。如是：像这样。树：种植竹子。庭实：原指将贡品或礼物陈列于庭，让人观赏。这里是指将竹子种植在庭院中，随时观赏。
贞元十九年春，居易以拔萃选及第，授校书郎，始于长安求假居处，得常乐里故关相国私第之东亭而处之。明日，履及于亭之东南隅，见丛竹于斯，枝叶殄瘁，无声无色。询于关氏之老，则曰：此相国之手植者。自相国捐馆，他人假居，由是筐篚者斩焉，彗帚者刈焉，刑余之材，长无寻焉，数无百焉。又有凡草木杂生其中，菶茸荟郁，有无竹之心焉。居易惜其尝经长者之手，而见贱俗人之目，剪弃若是，本性犹存。乃芟蘙荟，除粪壤，疏其间，封其下，不终日而毕。于是日出有清阴，风来有清声。依依然，欣欣然，若有情于感遇也。
译文： 贞元十九年的春天，我在吏部以拔萃及第，被任命为校书郎。最初在长安求借住处，得到常乐里已故关相国私宅的东亭，在那里住了下来。第二天，散步走到亭子的东南角，见这里长着几丛竹子，枝叶凋敞，毫无生气。向关家的旧人询问是什么缘故，对方答道：“这些竹子是关相国亲手栽种的。自从相国死后，别人借住在这里，从那时起，做筐篓的人来砍，做扫帚的人也来砍，砍伐剩下的竹子，长的已不到八尺，数量也不到百竿了。还有平常的草木混杂生在竹丛中，长得繁盛茂密，简直都没有竹子的苗了。”我感到很惋惜，这些竹子，是由年迈德崇的关相国亲手种植，现在竟被庸俗之人看得如此卑贱。但即使被砍削、废弃到这种程度，其秉性却仍然不变。于是我把那些繁盛茂密的草木铲掉，给竹子施加肥料，又在下面疏通、培修土层，没用一天就干完了。从此以后，这些竹子日出有清阴，风来有清声，随风依依，生机盎然，好像在感激着我的知遇之情。
注释： 贞元十九年：即公元803年。贞元：唐德宗李适的年号。拔萃：唐代考中进士，还要经过吏部考试，才能授官。白居易三十二岁这年，以“拔萃”登科。校书郎：秘书省属官，管理校勘和整理国家图书典籍。常乐里：长安的里名。关相国：疑为德宗时的宰相关播。殄瘁：枯萎凋谢的样子。殄：灭绝，此指摧残。瘁：劳伤，此指毁坏。关氏之老，关家旧人，如老仆，管家之类。繇（yóu）：同“由”。筐篚：竹器，方形的叫筐，圆形的叫篚。篲箒：都是扫箒。篲：通“彗”，扫帚。这里作动词用。寻：古时八尺为一寻。菶茸荟郁：形容草木繁盛茂密。芟蘙荟，剪除茂盛的杂草。
嗟乎！竹植物也，于人何有哉？以其有似于贤而人爱惜之，封植之，况其真贤者乎？然则竹之于草木，犹贤之于众庶。呜呼！竹不能自异，唯人异之。贤不能自异，唯用贤者异之。故作《养竹记》，书于亭之壁，以贻其后之居斯者，亦欲以闻于今之用贤者云。
译文： 可叹啊！竹子，不过是一种植物，与人有什么关系呢？就由于它与贤人相似，人们就爱惜它，培植它，何况对于真正的贤人呢？然而，竹子与其它草木的关系，也就象贤人与一般人的关系一样。唉！竹子本身并不能把自己与其它草木区别开来，要靠人来加以区别，贤人本身并不能把自己与一般人区别开来，要靠使用贤人的人来加以区别。因此，写了这篇《养竹记》，书写在东亭的壁上，是为了留给以后居住这所房子的人，也是为了使现在使用贤人的人知晓罢了。
注释： 封：培土。斯：指这所房子。
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李商隐《
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一片》
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柳宗元《
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红蕉》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。