偶书
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唐代]：刘叉
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日出扶桑一丈高，人间万事细如毛。
野夫怒见不平处，磨损胸中万古刀。
偶书译文及注释
译文
每天太阳从东方升起的时候，人世间纷繁复杂多如牛毛的事便开始一件件发生。很多不平之事发生在周围，心里充满了愤怒，于是不断对它们进行抨击，但不平事太多，多得把胸中那把与不平之事相抗争的“刀”都渐渐地磨损了。
注释
扶桑：神话传说中的大树。《山海经·海外东经》：“（黑齿国）下有汤谷，汤谷上有扶桑。”
野夫：草野之人，指诗人自己。处：一作“事”。
磨损：一作“磨尽”。
偶书鉴赏
此诗载于《全唐诗》卷三百九十五。下面是原扬州大学教授李廷先先生对此诗的赏析。
这是一首诗风粗犷，立意奇警的抒怀诗。奇就奇在最后一句：“磨损胸中万古刀。”
诗中说，每天太阳从东方升起，人世间纷繁复杂的事情便一一发生。韩愈也有“事随日生”的诗句，意思相同。当时正是唐代宦官专权，藩镇割据，外族侵扰的混乱时期。诗人经常看到许多不合理的事情：善良的人受到欺压，贫穷的人受到勒索，正直的人受到排斥，多才的人受到冷遇。每当这种时候，诗人便愤懑不平，怒火中烧，而结果却不得不“磨损胸中万古刀”。
作者是个富有正义感的诗人。《唐才子传》说他在少年时期“尚义行侠，旁观切齿，因被酒杀人亡命，会赦乃出，更改志从学。”这位年少时因爱打抱不平而闹过人命案的人物，虽然改志从学，却未应举参加进士考试，继续过着浪迹江湖的生活。他自幼形成的“尚义行侠”的秉性，也没有因“从学”而有所改变，而依然保持着傲岸刚直的性格。只是鉴于当年杀人亡命的教训，手中那把尚义行侠的有形刀早已弃而不用，而自古以来迭代相传的正义感、是非感，却仍然珍藏在作者胸怀深处，犹如一把万古留传的宝刀，刀光熠烁，气冲斗牛。然而因为社会的压抑，路见不平却不能拔刀相助，满腔正义怒火郁结在心，匡世济民的热忱只能埋藏心底而无法倾泻，这是十分苦痛的事情。他胸中那把无形的刀，那把除奸佞、斩邪恶的正义宝刀，只能任其销蚀，听其磨损，他的情绪十分激愤。诗人正是以高昂响亮的调子，慷慨悲歌，唱出了他自己的心声。
这首诗用“磨损的刀”这一最普通、最常见的事物，比喻胸中受到压抑的正义感，把诗人心中的复杂情绪和侠义、刚烈的个性鲜明地表现出来，艺术手法十分高妙。在唐代诗人的作品中，还没有看到用“刀”来比喻人的思想感情的。这种新奇的构思和警辟的比喻，显示了刘叉诗歌的独特风格。
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毛泽东《
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七绝·改诗赠父亲》
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下一首：
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张祜《
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书愤》
刘叉简介
唐代·刘叉的简介
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刘叉，唐代诗人。生卒年、字号、籍贯等均不详。活动在元和年代。他以“任气”著称，喜评论时人。韩愈善接天下士，他慕名前往，赋《冰柱》、《雪车》二诗，名出卢仝、孟郊二人之上。后因不满韩愈为谀墓之文，攫取其为墓铭所得之金而去，归齐鲁，不知所终。
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