酬王二十舍人雪中见寄
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唐代]：柳宗元
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三日柴门拥不开，阶平庭满白皑皑。
今朝蹋作琼瑶迹，为有诗从凤沼来。
酬王二十舍人雪中见寄译文及注释
译文
柴门多日紧闭不开，
门前石阶铺满了白雪皑皑。
如今有人把琼玉般的积雪踏碎，
是友人从京城给我寄了诗来。
注释
王二十舍人：即王涯，柳宗元的同年友，时为中书舍人。
琼瑶：美玉，这里指雪。
凤沼：即凤凰沼，属禁苑中沼池，这里代指京城。
酬王二十舍人雪中见寄鉴赏
诗《酬王二十舍人雪中见寄》不见于《柳河东集》。宋人蔡正孙《诗林广记》中选柳诗五首，其三即此诗，今人考证为柳宗元所作。
柳宗元初贬永州无以为居，寓居在潇岸四无邻舍的龙兴寺内，公元810年（元和五年）迁居愚溪侧畔，筑室茨草，与农户为邻。他在《田家》诗中描写了周围的环境：“古道绕蒺藜，萦回古城曲。蓼花被堤岸，陂水寒更渌。……行人迷去住，野鸟竟栖宿。”永州地处楚南、五岭北麓，偏僻荒凉。而他居住的愚溪一带更是杂草从生，蓼花披岸，溪水清寒，道无行人。
诗的前两句写景，描写柳居孤寂清冷的环境：柴门多日紧闭不开、石阶上铺满了皑皑白雪，分不清高底，没有人来访。这两句虽然写的是雪后柳居前的清冷荒凉之景，实际透露出来的却是他人生境遇的寂寞。
柳宗元是“永贞革新”的重要人物，曾在长安叱咤风云。革新失败后，被贬谪到南蛮之地，昔日政治上的挚友相继被贬，天各一方，不通音讯。来永州不久，与之相依为命的母亲卢氏病故，而朝廷连发四次诏命，规定“八司马”不在宽赦之列，早日复用的希望破灭了。政治上的迫害，人世间的诸多失意，给他难以承受的打击。他这时的心境正如他在《南涧中题》所述：“去国魂以游，怀人泪空垂。孤生易为感，失路少所宜。寂寞竟何事？徘徊只自知。”柴门多日紧闭不开是他内心寂寞的独白，而石阶上铺满的皑皑白雪便是人世间清冷的抒写。
诗的后两句叙事抒情。诗人说：为何要把琼玉般的白雪踏碎？是因为有朋友从京城给我寄了诗来。欣喜之情跃然诗间。柳宗元自公元805年（永贞元年）被贬永州至公元808年（元和三年），未有故旧大臣给他写信，后虽有些书信来往但也不多。除随行的表弟卢遵、堂弟柳宗直外，几乎没有朋友与之交往。空寂孤寂，怀人泪垂。就在这时，接到了早年朋友王涯寄来的诗，他无比高兴。这一“蹈”字，极传神地描绘出他的欣喜之情。
前人评价柳宗元诗歌的特点在于语言峻洁，气体明净，善于从幽峭掩抑的意境中表现沉着真挚的感情。此诗的后两句似乎是感情外露了些，其实子厚在这里“以乐景写哀事”，以反衬的手法极含蓄地表现了长期潜伏于内心而永难排遣的寂寞与痛苦，让读者在岭外荒远凄寒的景象中，看到了一位手举故乡远方寄来的诗笺，足蹈琼瑶，双泪空垂的凄美形象；听到了一千几百年前的回荡在他心胸间的悲凉凄楚、愤愤不平的感慨。
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雪》
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吴殳《
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雪夜感怀》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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