阳羡歌·山秀芙蓉
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宋代]：贺铸
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山秀芙蓉，溪明罨画。真游洞穴沧波下。临风慨想斩蛟灵。长桥千载犹横跨。
解佩投簪，求田问舍。黄鸡白酒渔樵社。元龙非复少时豪，耳根洗尽功名话。
阳羡歌·山秀芙蓉译文及注释
译文
山青芙蓉美，水明俨如画，仙游岩洞水波间。临风慨叹遥想，周处当年斩蛟灵，长桥千载尤横跨。
解绶带投冠簪，归隐躬耕田间，黄鸡白酒渔樵社。陈登不复少壮豪，耳边再无功名噪。
注释
阳羡：今江苏宜兴，因境内有阳羡山而得名。词牌即是《踏莎行》曲调。
山秀芙蓉：形容阳羡山峦如花。
溪明罨（yǎn）画：常州宜兴有罨画溪，溪水明净。罨画：杂色彩画。
真游：犹仙游。阳羡有张公洞，相传汉代天师张道陵曾修行于此。
斩蛟灵：西晋阳羡人周处，年少时十分勇敢，曾于长桥下挥剑斩蛟，为乡里除害，传为佳话。
解组投簪（zān）：解去绶带，投弃冠簪，指去官为民。
元龙：是三国名士陈登的字。
参考资料：
1、方智范 李康化评注 ．短篱残菊：闲逸集 ：中国青年出版社 ，1997 ：55-56 ．
2、程艳杰 靳艳萍编著 ．.宋词三百首 精读·故事 （上册） ：吉林人民出版社 ，2004 ：328-330 ．
阳羡歌·山秀芙蓉创作背景
一般认为，这首词很可能是贺铸初到宜兴时所作。贺铸五十八岁致仕客居苏州之后，经常来往于常州、宜兴一带。宜兴古称阳羡，所以贺铸改《踏莎行》为《阳羡歌》，作词抒发他致仕后落寞失志的情怀。
参考资料：
1、周汝昌，唐圭璋，俞平伯等著 ．唐宋词鉴赏辞典 唐·五代·北宋 ：上海辞书出版社 ，2011 ：870-872 ．
2、朱德才主编 ．宋词十八家 苏轼词 ：文化艺术出版社 ，1999年 ：251-252 ．
3、叶嘉莹主编 ．苏轼词新释辑评 中册 ：中国书店 ，2007 ：946-949 ．
4、贺新辉主编 ．全宋词鉴赏辞典 第四卷 ：中国妇女出版社 ，2004 ：138-140 ．
阳羡歌·山秀芙蓉鉴赏
贺铸是词坛上一位怪杰，其生活际遇，其艺术风格，其内心世界都是复杂而多彩的。他有许多词都是写骚情艳思的，但这首《阳羡歌》却透露着隐逸之情，充满了沉郁悲愤之气。
宜兴，古称阳羡。贺铸晚年寓居苏州，杭州，常州一带，常常往来于宜兴等地，此篇想是晚年的作品。
上片写景为主，开首两句写山川秀丽。据地方志所载，阳羡境内有芙蓉山，罨画溪。罨画，原指彩画，以此名溪，想是此处风景美丽如画。这里不言“芙蓉山高，罨画溪明，”而颠倒为“山秀芙蓉，溪明罨画。”这就使得“芙蓉”、“罨画”均一语双关。它们既是地名，又是形容词修饰语，写山川如芙蓉如彩画般的美丽可人。“真游”一句写溶洞之美。“真游洞”即仙游洞之意；真，即仙。阳羡有张公洞，相传汉代天师张道陵曾修行于此。洞中鬼斧神工，天造地设，美丽非凡。面对青山，碧水，沧波……，于是有感而发，转而写人。“临风”二句用周处之典。周处，阳羡人，少孤，横行乡里，乡人把他和南山虎、长桥蛟合称三害。有人劝周处杀虎斩蛟，实际上是希望三害只剩下一种。周处上山杀虎，入水斩蛟，回来后知道原来乡人憎恶自己，于是翻然改过。后来在文学作品中常以斩蛟比喻勇敢行为。唐刘禹锡《壮士行》诗有句云：“明日长桥上，倾城看斩蛟。”贺铸“临风”二句既有对周处的赞美，又有自己功业未就的感慨。“慨想”二字传导出的感情是复杂的。
下片抒怀与“慨想”暗脉相通。组，印绶，即丝织的带子，古代用来佩印。“解组”，即辞去官职。“投簪”，丢下固冠用的簪子，也比喻弃官。“解组”三句是说自己辞官归隐，终日与渔人樵夫为伍，黄鸡白酒，作个买田置屋的田舍翁。结处以陈登自比。据《三国志·魏志·陈登传》记载，东汉人，陈登，字元龙。许汜见陈登，陈登自己睡大床，而让许汜睡下床。后刘备与许汜论天下英雄时，许汜说：“陈元龙湖海之士，豪气不除。”刘备责难许汜没有济世忧民之心，只知求田问舍，为个人打算。并且说，要是我的话，我要自己睡到百尺楼上，让你许汜睡在地上。此处贺铸借陈登说自己已不再有年青时忧国忧民、建功立业的豪情壮志，耳边也不再有功名利禄之语。这结句实则是反语，是壮志难酬的激愤之语。
这首词虽有山明水秀，虽有求田问舍，骨子里仍是沉郁一格。
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綦毋潜《
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宿龙兴寺》
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贯云石《
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清江引·弃微名去来心快哉》
贺铸简介
唐代·贺铸的简介
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贺铸(1052～1125) 北宋词人。字方回，号庆湖遗老。汉族，卫州（今河南卫辉）人。宋太祖贺皇后族孙，所娶亦宗室之女。自称远祖本居山阴，是唐贺知章后裔，以知章居庆湖（即镜湖），故自号庆湖遗老。
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