赠宣州元处士
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唐代]：杜牧
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陵阳北郭隐，身世两忘者。
蓬蒿三亩居，宽于一天下。
樽酒对不酌，默与玄相话。
人生自不足，爱叹遭逢寡。
赠宣州元处士译文及注释
译文
陵阳山上的隐士，是身、世两忘的人。
他们住杂草丛生的简陋居室，令人觉得比整个天下还宽广。
对着酒、却不喝，只是默默地探讨渊深玄妙的哲理。
人们由于不知足，故常爱叹息自己遭遇不好。
注释
1.元处士：即元孚。《全唐诗》卷八二三《元孚小传》：“元孚，宣城开元寺僧，与许浑同时。”处士：未仕或不仕的人。
2.陵阳：陵阳山，在宣城。传说是陵阳子明得道成仙的地方。据《列仙传》：陵阳子明钓得白龙后又放掉，五年后白龙来迎，陵阳子明上陵阳山修仙，百余年后成仙。北郭：指北郭先生廖扶。东汉人，隐居不出，专精经典，尤明天文、谶纬之术，时称之“北郭先生”。
3.身世：身，自身。世，社会。南朝鲍照诗：“君平独寂寞，身世两相弃。”
4.蓬蒿（hāo）：蓬草和蒿草。形容杂草丛生。三亩居：泛指村野寒俭的住宅。
5.“樽酒”两句：用东汉扬雄比喻元处士。扬雄字子云，为人简易，口吃不能剧谈，静默而好深思，少嗜欲，不汲汲于富贵，不戚戚于贫贱，有高名于当世。玄，指扬雄所著《太玄经》。这两句是说：他对着酒，却不喝，只是默默探讨渊深玄妙的哲理。
6.寡：少。
参考资料：
1、陈光．杜牧诗赏读：线状书局，2007年：45页
2、邓绍基 周秀才 侯光复．中国古代十大诗人精品全集 杜牧：大连出版社，1997年：73页
3、刘逸生．杜牧诗选：广东人民出版社，1984年：71页
赠宣州元处士创作背景
这首诗写于开成三年（838），当时杜牧任宣州团练判官，在寻访深通哲理的元处士时作此诗赠与他。
参考资料：
1、陈光．杜牧诗赏读：线状书局，2007年：45页
2、胡可先．杜牧诗选 插图版：中华书局，2009年：49页
赠宣州元处士鉴赏
全诗描绘了元处士的隐居生活，对他的清静无为、心与玄游的生活方式和心境表示赞许。
前两句总述，点明元处士的隐居地点和高行。在陵阳山上有一个德行像汉代北郭先生的隐者，他是一个对自己、对世间都超然相忘的人。以下从居室和生活两方面进行分述。元处士居住的地方长满了野草，但在他看来，这么简陋狭窄的地方，却比整个天下都要宽广。这些说明，正是因为他胸怀宽广，所以才有这种感觉。元处士沉浸在自己的天地里，即使斟了一杯酒，也常常不饮，而是默默地玄想冥览，心游太玄。他身居斗室心宽天下，达到了人生最高境界。到达这境界须有寻“玄”觅“道”的文化底蕴支撑。“玄”就是“道”。中国古代任何学派都不否认道，亦即都承认宇宙是个自然展开的过程，解决什么问题都要捉摸道的运动变化。针对不同问题捉摸道便产生各种学说。而元处士则更希望超越一切学说而直接到达道的境界。心宽天下便取得真正自由。这两句亦是对元处士的赞誉。
最后两句带有惋惜之情，对元处士如今的处境表示同情。诗人认为，人生本来就有不完美的地方，元处士平时也一定常叹息自己的人生机遇少，没有得到好的机遇或没遇到真正欣赏自己的人。话虽如此，语气中却带着一种强烈的优越感和自得的意绪，避世而相忘于江湖，悠然忘我，与自然浑然一体。
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杨朴《
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莎衣》
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支遁《
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咏利城山居》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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