春闺思
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唐代]：张仲素
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春闺思译文及注释
译文
城墙边依依细柳，小路旁青青嫩桑。
提着篮忘了采叶，昨夜又梦到渔阳。
注释
袅（niǎo）袅：纤长柔美貌。明杨慎 《升庵诗话·余延寿折杨柳》：“大道连国门，东西种杨柳。葳蕤君不见，袅袅垂来久。”
陌（mò）上：路旁。陌，田间小路。
叶：此处指桑叶。
渔阳：古代郡名，治所在今天津蓟县。因此处边陲，常陈重兵把守，后世遂用以指称边境征戍之地。
春闺思创作背景
唐代边境战争频仍，又加上安史之乱，给人民带来了极大的痛苦。唐诗中，包含广大量描写征夫思妇相互怀念的作品。张仲素是以写闺情见长的。这首《春闺思》就是这类作品，其具体创作时间暂时难以考证。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：468-469
春闺思鉴赏
风俗画画家画不出时间的延续，须选“包孕最丰富的片刻”画之，使人从一点窥见事件的前因后果。这一法门，对短小的文学样式似乎也合宜，比如某些短篇小说高手常用“不了了之”的办法，不到情事收场先行结束故事，任人寻味。而唐人五绝名篇也常有这种手法的运用，张仲素《春闺思》就是好例。
这诗的诗境很像画，甚而有几分像雕塑。“袅袅城边柳，青青陌上桑”。城边、陌上、柳丝与桑林，已构成一幅春郊场景。“袅袅”写出柳条依人的意态，“青青”是柔桑逗人的颜色，这两个叠词又渲染出融和骀荡的无边春意。这就组成一幅村女采桑图：“蚕生春三月，春柳正含绿。女儿采春桑，歌吹当春曲”（《采桑度》），真可谓“无字处皆具义”（王夫之）。于是，这两句不仅是一般地写景，还给女主人公的怀思提供了典型环境：城边千万丝杨柳，会勾起GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送人的往事；而青青的柔桑，会使人联想到“昼夜常怀丝（思）”的春蚕，则思妇眼中之景无非难堪之离情了。
后二句在蚕事渐忙、众女采桑的背景上现出女主人公的特写形象：她倚树凝思，一动不动，手里提着个空“笼”——这是一个极富暗示性的“道具”，“提笼忘采叶”，表露出她身在桑下而心不在焉。至于心儿何往，末句就此点出“渔阳”二字，意味深长。“渔阳”是唐时征戍之地，当是这位闺中少妇所怀之人所在的地方。原来她是思念起从军的丈夫，伤心怨望。诗写到此已入正题，但它并未直说眼前少妇想夫之意，而是推到昨夜，说“昨夜梦渔阳”。写来不仅更婉曲，且能见昼夜怀思、无时或已之意，比单写眼前之思，情意更加深厚。
“提笼忘采叶”，这诗中精彩的一笔，是从上古诗歌中借鉴而来。杨慎早有见得，道是：“从《卷耳》首章翻出。”《诗经·周南·卷耳》是写女子怀念征夫之诗，其首章云：“采采卷耳，不盈顷筐。嗟我怀人，置彼周行。”斜口小筐不难填满，卷耳也不难得，老采不满，是因心不在焉、老是“忘采叶”之故，其情景确与此诗有神似处。但就诗的整体说，彼此又很不同。《卷耳》接着就写了女子白日做梦，幻想丈夫上山、过冈、马疲、人病及饮酒自宽种种情景，把怀思写得非常具体。而此诗说到“梦渔阳”，似乎开了个头，接下去该写梦见什么，梦见怎样，但作者就此带住，不了了之。提笼少妇昨夜之梦境及她此刻的心情，一概留给读者从人物的具体处境回味和推断，语约而意远。这就以最简的办法，获得很大的效果。因此，《春闺思》不是《卷耳》的摹拟，它已从古诗人手心“翻出”了。
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唐寅《
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一剪梅·雨打梨花深闭门》
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韦庄《
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木兰花·独上小楼春欲暮》
张仲素简介
唐代·张仲素的简介
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张仲素（约769～819）唐代诗人，字绘之。符离（今安徽宿州）人，郡望河间鄚县（今河北任丘）。贞元十四年(798)进士，又中博学宏词科，为武宁军从事，元和间，任司勋员外郎，又从礼部郎中充任翰林学士，迁中书舍人。张仲素擅长乐府诗，善写思妇心情。如"袅袅城边柳，青青陌上桑。提笼忘采叶，昨夜梦渔阳"（《春闺思》），"梦里分明见关塞，不知何路向金微"（《秋闺思》），刻画细腻，委婉动人。其他如《塞下曲》等，语言慷慨，意气昂扬，歌颂了边防将士的战斗精神。
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