送日本国僧敬龙归
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唐代]：韦庄
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送日本国僧敬龙归译文及注释
译文
遥远的扶桑已在渺茫之中，您家在扶桑东面还要往东。
此去谁能与你一起到家乡？唯有一船明月和满帆清风。
注释
敬龙：日本和尚名。
扶桑：古时传说的东方神木和国名，也指传说中太阳升起的地方。《山海经·海外东经》：“汤谷上有扶桑，十日所浴，在黑齿北。”郭璞注：“扶桑，木也。”《海内十洲记·带洲》：“多生林木，叶如桑。又有椹，树长者二千丈，大二千馀围。树两两同根偶生，更相依倚，是以名为扶桑也。”后世常用来指代日本。渺茫：远而空荡的样子。
师：古代对僧人、道士的尊称。此指敬龙和尚。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：801-802
送日本国僧敬龙归创作背景
晚唐时期，日本因唐朝国内动乱，于唐文宗开成三年（838年）停止派出遣唐使。原先随遣唐使来华学佛求经的请益僧和学问僧，此后便改乘商船往来。韦庄在虢州村居时结识了到中国访学的僧人敬龙，后来敬龙学成归国时，韦庄写此诗为他送行。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：801-802
2、陈长明 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：1295-1296
送日本国僧敬龙归鉴赏
“扶桑已在渺茫中，家在扶桑东更东”，说敬龙此番归国，行程辽远，里程不易概指。虽然《梁书·扶桑国传》说过“扶桑在大汉国东二万余里”，后来沿用为日本的代称，若写诗也是这样指实，便缺少意趣。诗人采用“扶桑”这个名字，其意则指古代神话传说东方“日所出处”的神木扶桑，其境已渺茫难寻；这还不够，下面紧接着说敬龙的家乡还在扶桑的东头再东头。说“扶桑”似有边际，“东更东”又没有了边际；不能定指，则其“远”的意味更可寻思。首句“已在”是给次句奠基，次句“更在”才是意之所注处。说“扶桑”已暗藏“东”字，又加上“东更东”，再三叠用两明一暗的“东”字，把敬龙的家乡所在地写得那样远不可即，又神秘，又惹人向慕。那边毕竟是朋友的家乡，而且他正要扬帆归去，为此送行赠诗，不便作留难意、惜别情、愁苦语，把这些意思藏在诗句的背后，于是下文转入祝友人行程一帆风顺的话头。
“此去与师谁共到？一船明月一帆风。”船行大海中，最怕横风暴雨，大雾迷航。过去遣唐使乘坐的大船，常因风暴在海上漂流，甚至失事；能够到达的也往往要在数十日或者数月的艰苦航程之后。这些往事传闻，韦庄是心知的，所以就此起意，祝朋友此行顺利。用一个“到”字，先祝他平安抵达家乡；“明月”示晴，排除雾雨；“帆风”谓顺，勿起狂飚──行程中不生灾障。“谁”字先垫出“与师共到”之人，由下句的朗月、顺风再为挑明，并使“风”、“月”得“谁”字而人格化了。“共”字，一方面捏合“风”、“月”与“师”三者，连同“船”在一起，逗出海行中美妙之景、舒畅之情；另一方面，又结合“到”字，说“共到”，使顺风朗月的好景贯彻全程，陪同直抵家乡。两句十四个字，浑然一体，表达了良好的祝愿与诚挚的友情，饶有诗意。
诗人如此祝愿，也并非仅仅由于主观愿望，故作安慰语。它是有客观事实作基础的，这就是晚唐时日本与中国之间，海上航行相对地便利与安全的事实。它印入了诗人心底，写出来自然而然就是这样的诗句。
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唐代·韦庄的简介
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韦庄（约836年─910年），字端己，杜陵（今中国陕西省西安市附近）人，诗人韦应物的四代孙，唐朝花间派词人，词风清丽，有《浣花词》流传。曾任前蜀宰相，谥文靖。
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