四犯令·月破轻云天淡注
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宋代]：侯寘
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月破轻云天淡注，夜悄花无语。莫听《阳关》牵离绪。拚酩酊花深处。
明日江郊芳草路，春逐行人去。不似酴醾开独步，能着意留春住。
四犯令·月破轻云天淡注译文及注释
译文
月亮冲破微云，淡淡的月色映照大地，夜深人静花好月圆无阴无雨。不要再听《阳关曲》牵惹离绪了，还是在鲜花丛中喝它个酩酊大醉。
明日就要踏上郊外张曼芳草的离别之路，春光也似乎随人离去。不像酴醾花肚子在暮春开放，好像是着意留春不肯放春归去。
注释
四犯令：词牌名，又名“四和香”、“桂华明”、“四块玉”，是合四调的犯声而成的新曲。调名始见于南宋侯寘《懒窟词》。犯，乐曲移调变奏的方式之一，即“犯调”，又称“犯声”，指移宫换羽，转换宫调；此为一曲终传调四次，故称四犯。
破：过，开。唐沈佺期《度安海入龙编》诗：“别离频破月，容鬓骤催年。”天淡注：谓云层稀薄，天色浅淡。
阳关：即《阳关曲》，此为送别之曲。
拚（pīn）：同“拼”，不顾惜，豁出去。酩（mǐng）酊（dǐng）：形容大醉。
酴（tú）醾（mí）：即“荼蘼”，植物名，亦称佛见笑、独步春。春末夏初开花。
着（zhuó）意：注意，用心。
参考资料：
1、（唐）温庭筠著．《婉约词 豪放词》：万卷出版公司，2010.09：第66页
2、郭彦全编著．《历代词今译》：首都师范大学出版社，1994.09：第217页
四犯令·月破轻云天淡注创作背景
南宋孝宗时淳熙年间（1174—1189），暮春时节，作者侯寘送别友人，临别的前一天即兴作《四犯令》一首，表达了作者惜春留人的惜别之情。
参考资料：
1、潘天宁辑注译析．《千家词》：中州古籍出版社，2015.03：第205页
四犯令·月破轻云天淡注鉴赏
该词写离别，却与一般离歌写法不同。作者并不正面渲染离愁别绪的深重，而是独出心裁地借助于新鲜丰富的联想，通过对人物心理感受的细致描绘，曲折委婉地写出离人沉挚的感情，含蓄空灵，别开生面。
该词上片写临别情景。先用写意手法疏笔勾勒别夜景色：“月破轻云天淡注。”微风吹拂云朵，月儿穿过云层，天淡如水，月光似银，呈现出一片朦胧恬淡的意境。这一句，显然从张先的名句“云破月来花弄影”中得到启发，写入夜后凄清景象极为传神。同时，虽是写景，却又不止于写景，人物的情思已寓于其中。接着，“夜悄花无语”，进一步将景与情交织在一起，“悄”，点明夜深人静，“花无语”，以花指人，实写人无语，即柳永《雨霖铃·寒蝉凄切》“执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝咽”之意，均以“无语”极尽惆怅心情之形容，不过这里化实为虚，手法更婉曲。“莫听《阳关》牵离绪”，紧承上句，点出“无语”的原因，原来是分别在即，离绪牵人愁肠。这里却说“莫听”，不忍听也。盖因其辞情、声情皆悲凄，此刻反增离人痛苦，故尔不忍听，离愁的深重难遣自不言而喻。无可奈何，只有借酒来麻醉自己的心灵，于是“拚酩酊花深处。”“酩酊”，已是大醉不已，更着一“拚”字，这就十分形象而又入木三分地刻画出人物因无法摆脱离愁而独对花丛拚命痛饮的狂态，透露出作者内心无法慰藉的痛苦和无可告语的悲哀。这样的描写，比柳永词中“都门帐饮无绪”效果更强烈，更能震撼读者。以上所写，不过是未别之情景，已使人凄然欲绝。
下片宕开一笔，推想别后情景：“明日江郊芳草路，春逐行人去。”用芳草写离情，是古典诗词中常见的手法，如李煜《清平乐·别来春半》“离恨恰如春草，更行更远还生”，便是以芳草的无尽比喻离恨的绵长。这句却能用常得奇，自铸新词，使蕴意更加深厚。本是行人踏着芳草路远行，作者却想象是芳草追逐行人的脚步远去；本是人已远行而芳草依旧，作者却想象是人走春尽。这样，由芳草和离愁引申出来的春天和行人的内在联系，便使作者忽发奇想：如果能够阻止春天的脚步，不就可以留住远行的人了。那么什么能够留住春天呢？作者想到了酴醾，这是花期最迟、暮春才开的一种花朵，有诗为证，苏轼《杜沂游武昌以茶蘼花菩萨泉见饷》说：“茶蘼不争春，寂寞开最晚。”又有诗说：“开到萘蘼花事了。”待花事将尽再来开放，延长了花期，变相延长了春天的时日。人若能像荼蘼这样把春光、也把行人留到最后一刻是很好，但人世间每每事与愿违，“不似荼蘼开独步，能着意留春住。”春花到此时已剩荼蘼，故云“独步”。但纵使似荼蘼开晚，能“着意留春”，又能留得几时？何况“不似”乎！两句是宛转地说“强欲留春春不住”（欧阳修《渔家傲》）。留春无计，暗指留人无计，词到此戛然而止。下片写的是人物心中的一段痴想，虽不可能实现，却动人而又沉挚地表达了因无计留人而产生的深沉惆怅和叹惋，与上片的不忍分别相呼应，真实细腻地刻画出离人分别前的情绪和微妙的心理活动，别开生面，回味无尽。
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陶渊明《
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于王抚军座送客》
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梅尧臣
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红薇花树小扶疏，春种秋芳赏爱余。
丞相旧园移带土，侍臣清署看临除。