蝶恋花·京口得乡书
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宋代]：苏轼
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雨后春容清更丽。只有离人，幽恨终难洗。北固山前三面水。碧琼梳拥青螺髻。
一纸乡书来万里。问我何年，真个成归计。白首送春拚一醉。东风吹破千行泪。
蝶恋花·京口得乡书译文及注释
译文
雨后春天的景色更加青翠美丽。只有那远离故乡的人，深沉的愁恨总洗不去。北固山下三面都是水。弧形的江面，仿佛是碧玉梳子，苍翠的山峰，好象是美人的发髻。
万里外的家乡来了一封信，问我哪年真的能回去？我只有回头拼命喝酒，送春归去，春风倒还多情，抹去我的行行泪涕。
注解
蝶恋花，词牌名，又名《鹊踏枝》、《凤栖梧》。唐教坊曲。《乐章集》、《张子野词》并入“小石调”，《清真集》入“商调”。赵令畤有《商调蝶恋花》，联章作《鼓子词》，咏《会真记》事。双调，六十字，上下片各四仄韵。京口：宋神宗熙宁七年（1074年），苏轼在杭州通判任上，曾到京口（今江苏镇江）。
北固山：在镇江北，北峰三面临水，形容险要，故称。
碧琼：碧琼，绿色的美玉，指江水。
青螺髻（jì）：状似青螺的发髻，喻北固山。
真个：真的，的确。个，助词。
拚（pàn）一醉：不顾惜酒量，只求一醉方休。
参考资料：
1、苏轼．东坡词：浙江古籍出版社，1992：5
2、李晔 著．唐宋婉约词 常见词牌介绍：光明日报出版社， 2000：495
3、于培杰 孙言诚 注译．《苏东坡词选》：人民文学出版社， 1984：116
蝶恋花·京口得乡书创作背景
苏轼于宋神宗熙宁四年（公元1071年）出任杭州通判，他和故乡亲友的联系全靠江船通邮，宋神宗熙宁七年（公元1074年）春，苏轼在润州京口收到家乡来的一封书信，信中殷勤致意，询问归期，苏轼的思乡之情便难以抑制了，在身为宦游之人身不由己的痛苦下，作了这首词。
参考资料：
1、王思宇主编．苏轼词赏析集：巴蜀书社，1996：27
蝶恋花·京口得乡书鉴赏
词开篇写景，雨后春天的景色更加青翠美丽，可是那远离故乡的人，深沉的愁恨总洗不去。物我对照，更反衬出乡思之深。以下接着写北固山一带碧水环山的秀丽景色。弧形的江面，仿佛是碧玉梳子，苍翠的山峰好像是美人的发髻。上片主要写景，在作者笔下展开的是一幅山清水秀的清丽的春景，眼前的图画般的美景，却钩起了作者无尽的乡愁，在这里作者运用了物我对照乐景衬哀愁的写法，山水虽美，但终不是自己的故乡。
词的下片紧承上片侧重写自己的思乡的心情。作者落笔对面，先不直接写自己如何思乡，而是写收到乡书一封，“问我何年，真个成归计”从这些语句中可以体会到词人的家人急盼远方的游子归家的殷切心情，以虚写实，更可见作者难耐思乡之情。家人盼归，可是作者回乡的日程还是遥遥无期，面对无可奈何的局面，作者只能是借酒浇愁面对东风抛洒热泪了，所以结句说“回首送春拼一醉，东风吹破千行泪”我只有回头拼命喝酒，送春归去，春风倒还多情，抹去我的行行泪涕。
最后这两句不回答乡书中的问题，而是以春光易逝借酒浇愁作结，但是有家难归之意已溢于言表。这种不答之答比直接回答具有更强烈的感染力量，充分抒发了他那种难以言状的思乡之情。
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苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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