浣溪沙·万里阴山万里沙
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清代]：纳兰性德
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万里阴山万里沙。谁将绿鬓斗霜华。年来强半在天涯。
魂梦不离金屈戌，画图亲展玉鸦叉。生怜瘦减一分花。
浣溪沙·万里阴山万里沙译文及注释
译文
没有楚天千里清秋。没有执手相看泪眼。只有阴山，胡马难度的阴山。这里，猎猎的风，将你的寸寸青丝吹成缕缕白发。岁岁年年，你望见的是连绵千万里的黄沙，人在天涯。
魂牵梦绕中，你将她翩翩的像打开。一遍遍回想，她的温柔她的笑。直到地老天荒，直到那些离别和失望的伤痛，已发不出声音来了。
注释
浣溪沙：本唐教坊曲名，后用作词牌。一作《浣溪纱》，又名《浣沙溪》、《小庭花》等。双调四十二字，平韵。
阴山：今河套以北，大漠以南诸山的统称。
绿鬓：谓乌黑发亮的头发。古人常借绿、翠等形容头发的颜色。斗，斗取，即对着。霜花，谓白发。
强半：大半、过半。
金屈戌（xū）：屈戌，门窗上的环钮、搭扣。此谓金饰（即铜制）脚屈戌，代指梦中思念的家园。
玉鸦叉：即玉丫叉。丫叉，本为树枝分叉之处，后泛指交叉形象的首饰。这里谓“玉鸦叉”是借指闺里人之容貌。
生怜：谓看着画图上她那消瘦的身影而生起怜惜之情。生怜，可怜。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著；邢学波笺注,纳兰词笺注全编,天津人民出版社,2013.10,第220页
2、纳兰性德 子艮．纳兰词剪碎一地的残香与叹息：万卷出版，2012：70
浣溪沙·万里阴山万里沙创作背景
康熙二十一年（1682年）八月，纳兰受命与副都统郎谈等出使觇梭龙打虎山，十二月还京，这首词大约作于此行中。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著；墨香斋译评,纳兰词 双色插图版,中国纺织出版社,2015.10,第40页
浣溪沙·万里阴山万里沙鉴赏
这是一首边塞行吟咏叹的词，表达了词人在荒凉的异地对人生的哀怜，也透露出纳兰性德自身对于官场的厌倦。这出使的几个月，纳兰性德的大部分时间都在这天之涯度过了，面对着连绵的阴山与漫天的黄沙，满头青丝怎能不迅速花白。于是睡梦之中不免魂飞故里，重又看到了家中金碧辉煌的屈戍。恍惚中，头戴玉鸦叉的妻子在缓缓地展开画轴（或许那上面正画着她日夜所思之人），那花容似乎因思念瘦损了很多，令人油然生出怜惜之情。
词中第一句中“阴山”一方面是实指，即是如今也能一睹的阴山，但古代诗词中经常使用这一形象，它已经形成了深刻的文化内涵。如南北朝著名民歌“敕勒川，阴山下，天似苍穹，笼盖四野。天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊”，又如唐代诗人王昌龄的“秦时明月汉时关，万里长GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人未还。但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山”。它是汉胡分别的地理标志，中原与蛮荒的分野处，文明与野蛮的交汇点，也因此，在这儿的读书人，尤其是汉文化影响下的读书人，都会有一种极强烈的失落感，无端而起怅惘，这是一种丧失归属感的表现。这是纳兰性德每次出使途中所写词中典型的心理。
上片写现实边塞之景，下片写梦中家居之景。阅读这首词时，纳兰的情之真、意之切如在目前。边塞诗词属于古代诗词的一个支流，边愁主题则属于悲一类，纳兰性德这首边塞行吟咏叹的《浣溪沙》，也属于这类。【4】 词通过刻画“北风”“晚烟”“戌垒”“斜日”等边塞之景，将塞外的荒凉和词人内心的凄怆合二为一，凄凉中透着一种历史的厚重感和今古之悲。
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崔颢《
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辽西作》
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牛峤《
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定西番·紫塞月明千里》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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