陇西行
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唐代]：王维
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十里一走马，五里一扬鞭。
都护军书至，匈奴围酒泉。
陇西行译文及注释
译文
告急的军使跃马扬鞭，飞驰而来，一走马便是十里，一扬鞭便是五里，漫长的路程风驰电掣般一闪而过。这是西北都护府的军使，他传来了加急的军书，报告匈奴的军队已经包围了我大唐的西域重镇酒泉。在接到军书之后，举目西望，却只见漫天飞雪，一片迷茫，望断关山，不见烽烟的痕迹，原来军中的烽火联系已经中断了。
注释
陇西行：乐府古题，又名“步出夏门行”，属《相和歌·瑟调曲》。陇西，陇山之西，在今甘肃省陇西县以东。
都护：官名。汉代设置西域都护，唐代设置六大都护府以统辖西域诸国。
匈奴：这里泛指中国北部和西部的少数民族。酒泉：郡名，在今酒泉市东北。
关山：泛指边关的山岳原野。
烽戍：烽火台和守边营垒。古代边疆告警，以烽燧为号，白天举烟为“燧”，夜晚举火为“烽”。戍，一本作“火”。断：中断联系。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等 ．全唐诗（上） ．上海 ：上海古籍出版社 ，1986 ：384 ．
2、刘德重 等 ．唐诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1983 ：136-137 ．
陇西行创作背景
此诗当作于开元二十五年（公元737年）前后。当时王维以监察御史身份，奉使出塞，出参河西节度使崔希逸幕府。
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：67-68
陇西行鉴赏
从体裁上看，这首诗属于古体诗，从题材上看，这首诗属于边塞诗。
诗一开头，便写告急途中，军使跃马扬鞭，飞驰而来，一下子就把读者的注意力紧紧吸引住了。一、二句形容在“一走马”“一扬鞭”的瞬息之间，“十里”“五里”的路程便风驰电掣般地一闪而过，以夸张的语言渲染了十万火急的紧张气氛，给人以极其鲜明而飞动的形象感受。这是两个倒装句，按一般的写法是：一走马十里，一扬鞭五里。但是这样写，一个五言的句子上三下二，不符合诗歌语言的正常节奏，读起来拗口。像这样“十里一走马，五里一扬鞭”，不仅上口，也因为将“十里”“五里”提前，加以强调，而突出了马的速度之快。中间两句，点明了骑者的身份和告急的事由。一个“围”字，可见形势的严重。一个“至”字，则交代了军使经过“走马”“扬鞭”的飞驰疾驱，终于将军书及时送到。最后两句，补充交代了气候对烽火报警的影响。按理，应当先见烽火，后到军书。然而如今在接到军书之后，举目西望，却只见漫天飞雪，一片迷茫，望断关山，不见烽烟。是因雪大点不着烽火呢，还是点着了也望不见，反正是烽火联系中断了。这就更突出了飞马传书的刻不容缓。写到这里，全诗便戛然而止了，结得干脆利落，给读者留下了想象的余地。尽管写形势危急，气氛紧张，而诗中表现的情绪却是热烈、镇定和充满自信的。
这首诗，取材的角度很有特色。它反映的是边塞战争，但并不正面描写战争。诗人的着眼点既不在军书送出前边关如何被围，也不在军书送至后援军如何出动，而是仅仅撷取军使飞马告急这样一个片断、一个侧面来写，至于前前后后的情况，则让读者自己用想象去补充。这种写法，节奏短促，一气呵成，篇幅集中而内蕴丰富，在艺术构思上也显得不落俗套。
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陈陶《
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陇西行四首》
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孟浩然《
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凉州词》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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