酬朱庆馀
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唐代]：张籍
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越女新妆出镜心，自知明艳更沉吟。
齐纨未是人间贵，一曲菱歌敌万金。(版本一)
越女新妆出镜心，自知明艳更沉吟。
齐纨未足时人贵，一曲菱歌敌万金。(版本二)
酬朱庆馀译文及注释
译文
一个刚刚经过修饰打扮，从清澈明净，风景优美的鉴湖中走出来的采菱女。采菱女自己也知道自己长得漂亮，但因过分爱美，却又自我思量起来。
尽管有许多别的姑娘身上穿着齐地出产的精美绸缎做成的衣服，却并不值得世人看重，唯有这采菱女的一曲歌才值千金。
注释
酬（chóu）：酬答。
朱庆馀：诗人朋友，宝历进士，秘书省校书郎。
越女：越国美女，西施。
出镜心：出现任明镜中，意即揽镜自照。
更：又。
沉吟：犹豫不决。
齐纨（wán）：齐地出产的细绢。
菱歌：采菱所唱的歌。
敌：通“抵”，比得上。
参考资料：
1、赵彩娟，郁慧娟，温斌．《中国古代文学作品补选》：南开大学出版社，2014年：第146页
2、刘士林．《床前明月光：唐诗阅读笔记,》：济南出版社，2005年05月：第204页
酬朱庆馀创作背景
宝历年间（825—827）朱庆馀在秋风萧瑟、科举考试前夕，背着行囊，来到长安，作了《近试上张水部》，写给当时任职水部郎中的诗人，诗人收到这首婉约隐喻诗之后，莞尔一笑，当下就提笔写了这首诗，暗示他不必为这次考试担心。
参考资料：
1、俞平伯等．《唐诗鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，2013年：第1074页
酬朱庆馀鉴赏
“越女新妆出镜心”，越地出美女，而朱庆馀恰好又是越州人，这简直是天缘巧合，作者把朱庆馀比做一个刚刚经过修饰打扮，从清澈明净，风景优美的鉴湖中走出来的采菱女。这一句，表面上说越女天生丽质，再加上精心的妆饰打扮，自然更加美艳动人，实际上是说朱庆馀有良好的先天素质，再加上后天的刻苦学习，自然是德才兼备，文质彬彬。
“自知明艳更沉吟”，表面上是说采菱女自己也知道自己长得漂亮，但因过分爱美，却又自我思量起来，实则是说朱庆馀虽然自己也知道自己的文章不错，但还没有足够的信心，不知道自己是否能得到考官的赏识。诗的后两句，紧扣“更沉吟”三个字，针对朱庆馀的疑虑，作了肯定的回答，同时也流露出作者对朱庆馀的赞赏之情。
“齐纨未足人间贵”，这句表面是说，尽管有许多别的姑娘身上穿着齐地出产的精美绸缎做成的衣服，却并不值得世人看重。“齐纨”，在这里比喻表面的、花哨的东西。整句是说，表面的华而不实的东西并不值得看重，言外之意是，朱庆馀并不是一个华而不实、徒有其表的人，便自然引出最后一句“一曲菱歌敌万金”。
“一曲菱歌敌万金”，《采菱》是古曲，是高雅的曲子，在这里意指真才实学。一益高雅的《采菱曲》比万金都有价值。同时也是告诉朱庆余你的文章很有价值，我很欣赏，金榜题名没有问题。结合后两句，作者除回答了朱庆余的疑问以外，还肯定了朱庆余的德行文章．告诉朱庆馀：在我眼里你不是一个徒有其表、华而不实的人。我很欣赏你。
该诗表达含蓄蕴藉，趣味横生，当人们透过它的字面意思而体味到它的内在含义的时候，往往不由自主地发出会心的微笑。结构上，全诗四句，浑然一体，结构谨严。前两句针对朱庆馀的原诗，首先肯定了朱庆馀的人品文章，指出他虽自负才华但仍信心不足；三四两句紧扣“更沉吟”三字，一方面回答了朱庆馀的疑问，另一方面对朱庆馀的文章作了高度评价。
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辛弃疾《
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念奴娇·和赵国兴知录韵》
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欧阳修《
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醉翁亭记》
张籍简介
唐代·张籍的简介
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张籍（约767～约830），唐代诗人。字文昌，汉族，和州乌江（今安徽和县）人，郡望苏州吴（今江苏苏州）1 。先世移居和州，遂为和州乌江（今安徽和县乌江镇）人。世称“张水部”、“张司业”。张籍的乐府诗与王建齐名，并称“张王乐府”。著名诗篇有《塞下曲》《征妇怨》《采莲曲》《江南曲》。1 《张籍籍贯考辨》认为，韩愈所说的“吴郡张籍”乃谓其郡望，并引《新唐书·张籍传》、《唐诗纪事》、《舆地纪胜》等史传材料，驳苏州之说而定张籍为乌江人。
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