闻乐天授江州司马
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唐代]：元稹
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残灯无焰影幢幢，此夕闻君谪九江。
闻乐天授江州司马译文及注释
译文
残灯已没有火焰，周围留下模糊不清的影子，这时听说你被贬官九江。
在垂死的重病中，我被这个消息震惊得忽的坐了起来。
暗夜的风雨吹进我窗户，感觉分外寒冷。
注释
授：授职，任命。江州：即九江郡，治所在今江西省九江市。司马：官名。唐代以司马为州刺史的辅佐之官，协助处理州务。
残灯：快要熄灭的灯。焰：火苗。幢（chuáng）幢：灯影昏暗摇曳之状。
夕：夜。谪：古代官吏因罪被降职或流放。
垂死：病危。
闻乐天授江州司马创作背景
元和五年（810年），元稹因弹劾和惩治不法官吏，同宦官刘士元冲突，被贬为江陵士曹参军，后来又改授通州司马。元和十年（815年），白居易上书，请求逮捕刺杀宰相武元衡的凶手，结果得罪权贵，被贬为江州司马。这首诗就是元稹在通州听到白居易被贬的消息时写的。
参考资料：
1、贾文昭 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：951-952
闻乐天授江州司马鉴赏
此诗的中间两句是叙事言情，表现了作者在乍一听到这个不幸消息时的陡然一惊，语言朴实而感情强烈。诗的首尾两句是写景，形象地描绘了周围景物的暗淡凄凉，感情浓郁而深厚。
元稹贬谪他乡，又身患重病，心境本来就不佳。此时忽然听到挚友也蒙冤被贬，内心更是极度震惊，万般怨苦，满腹愁思一齐涌上心头。以这种悲凉的心境观景，一切景物也都变得阴沉昏暗了。于是，看到“灯”，觉得是失去光焰的“残灯”；连灯的阴影，也变成了“幢幢”——昏暗的摇曳不定的样子。“风”，本来是无所谓明暗的，而今却成了“暗风”。“窗”，本来无所谓寒热的，而今也成了“寒窗”。只因有了情的移入，情的照射，情的渗透，连风、雨、灯、窗都变得又“残”又“暗”又“寒”了。“残灯无焰影幢幢”、“暗风吹雨入寒窗”两句，既是景语，又是情语，是以哀景抒哀情，情与景融会一体、“妙合无垠”。
诗中“垂死病中惊坐起”一语，是传神之笔。白居易曾写有两句诗：“枕上忽惊起，颠倒着衣裳”，这是白居易在元稹初遭贬谪、前往江陵上任时写的，表现了他听到送信人敲门，迫不及待地想看到元稹来信的情状，十分传神。元稹此句也是如此。其中的“惊”，写出了“情”──当时震惊的感情；其中的“坐起”，则写出了“状”──当时震惊的模样。如果只写“情”不写“状”，不是“惊坐起”而是“吃一惊”，那恐怕就神气索然了。而“惊坐起”三字，正是惟妙惟肖地摹写出作者当时陡然一惊的神态。再加上“垂死病中”，进一步加强了感情的深度，使诗句也更加传神。既曰“垂死病中”，那么，“坐起”自然是很困难的。然而，作者却惊得“坐起”了，这样表明：震惊之巨，无异针刺；休戚相关，感同身受。元、白二人友谊之深，于此清晰可见。
按照常规，在“垂死病中惊坐起”这句诗后，大概要来一句实写，表现“惊”的具体内涵。然而作者却偏偏来了个写景的诗句：“暗风吹雨入寒窗”。这样，“惊”的具体内涵就蕴含于景语之中，成为深藏不露、含蓄不尽的了。作者对白氏被贬一事究竟是惋惜，是愤懑，还是悲痛，全都没有说破，全都留给读者去领悟、想象和玩味了。
元稹这首诗所写的，只是听说好友被贬而陡然一惊的片刻，这无疑是一个“有包孕的片刻”，也就是说，是有千言万语和多种情绪涌上心头的片刻，是有巨大的蓄积和容量的片刻。作者写了这个“惊”的片刻而又对“惊”的内蕴不予点破，这就使全诗含蓄蕴藉，情深意浓，诗味隽永，耐人咀嚼。
元稹把他这首诗寄到江州以后，白居易读了非常感动。后来他在《与元微之书》中说：“此句他人尚不可闻，况仆心哉！至今每吟，犹恻恻耳。”像这样一首情景交融、形神俱肖、含蓄不尽、富有包孕的好诗，它是有很强的艺术魅力的。别人读了尚且会受到艺术感染，何况当事人白居易。
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采桑度 其一》
元稹简介
唐代·元稹的简介
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元稹（779年－831年，或唐代宗大历十四年至文宗大和五年），字微之，别字威明，唐洛阳人（今河南洛阳）。父元宽，母郑氏。为北魏宗室鲜卑族拓跋部后裔，是什翼犍之十四世孙。早年和白居易共同提倡“新乐府”。世人常把他和白居易并称“元白”。
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