国风·邶风·凯风
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两汉]：佚名
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凯风自南，吹彼棘心。棘心夭夭，母氏劬劳。
凯风自南，吹彼棘薪。母氏圣善，我无令人。
爰有寒泉？在浚之下。有子七人，母氏劳苦。
睍睆黄鸟，载好其音。有子七人，莫慰母心。
国风·邶风·凯风译文及注释
译文
和风煦煦自南方，吹在枣树嫩芽上。枣树芽心嫩又壮，母亲养儿辛苦忙。
和风煦煦自南方，枣树成柴风吹长。母亲明理又善良，儿子不好不怨娘。
寒泉之水透骨凉，源头就在浚邑旁。母亲养育儿七个，儿子长成累坏娘。
黄雀婉转在鸣唱，悦耳动听真嘹亮。母亲养育儿七个，难慰母亲不应当。
注释
邶（bèi）：中国周代诸侯国名，地在今河南省汤阴县东南。
凯风：和风。一说南风，夏天的风。这里喻母爱。马瑞辰《毛诗传笺通释》“凯之义本为大，故《广雅》云：‘凯，大也。’秋为敛而主愁，夏为大而主乐，大与乐义正相因。”
棘心：酸枣树初发的嫩芽。这里喻子女。棘，落叶灌木，即酸枣。枝上多刺，开黄绿色小花，实小，味酸。心，指纤小尖刺。
夭夭：树木嫩壮貌。
劬（qú）劳：操劳。劬，辛苦。
棘薪：长到可以当柴烧的酸枣树。这里比喻子女已长大。
圣善：明理而有美德。
令：善，好。
爰（yuán）：何处。一说发语词，无义。寒泉：卫地水名，冬夏常冷。
浚（xùn）：卫国地名。
睍（xiàn）睆（huǎn）：犹“间关”，鸟儿宛转的鸣叫声。一说美丽，好看。黄鸟：黄雀。
载：传载，载送。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：61-63
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：63-64
国风·邶风·凯风创作背景
关于《邶风·凯风》的背景，说法不一。《毛诗序》认为是赞美孝子的诗。闻一多认为这是一首“名为慰母，实为谏父”的诗。还有人说这是悼念亡母的诗。现代学者一般认为这是一首儿子歌颂母亲并自责的诗。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：61-63
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：63-64
国风·邶风·凯风鉴赏
此诗以凯风吹彼棘心开篇，把母亲的抚育比作温暖的南风，把自己弟兄们小时候比作酸枣树的嫩芽，“丛生的”小嫩芽之所以能够健康成长，全是母亲大人辛勤哺育的功劳。七个儿子一个一个长大成人（材）了，母亲的大恩大德，堪称圣善，儿子却是不孝儿，这就是自责自称，总嫌自己做得还远远不够，与母亲的养育之恩相比，还差得很远很远，无以为报。
从第三章开始，作者又以寒泉比母，以黄鸟比子，作进一步的自我批评。寒泉也成为母爱的代称。寒泉在地下流淌，滋养浚人。母亲生养弟兄七人，至今还如此劳苦，让作儿子的如何心安？黄鸟鸣叫得清丽婉转，尚且如此悦耳动听，为什么七个儿子却不能抚慰母亲那颗饱受孤苦的心呢？
诗的前二章的前二句都以凯风吹棘心、棘薪，比喻母养七子。凯风是夏天长养万物的风，用来比喻母亲。棘心，酸枣树初发芽时心赤，喻儿子初生。棘薪，酸枣树长到可以当柴烧，比喻儿子已成长。后两句一方面极言母亲抚养儿子的辛劳，另一方面极言兄弟不成材，反躬以自责。诗以平直的语言传达出孝子婉曲的心意。
诗的后二章寒泉、黄鸟作比兴，寒泉在浚邑，水冬夏常冷，宜于夏时，人饮而甘之；而黄鸟清和宛转，鸣于夏木，人听而赏之。诗人以此反衬自己兄弟不能安慰母亲的心。
诗中各章前二句，凯风、棘树、寒泉、黄鸟等兴象构成有声有色的夏日景色图。后二句反覆叠唱的无不是孝子对母亲的深情。设喻贴切，用字工稳。诗中虽然没有实写母亲如何辛劳，但母亲的形象还是生动地展现出来。
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佚名《
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秦风·无衣》
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佚名《
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汾沮洳》
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宋代：
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