秦风·无衣
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两汉]：佚名
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岂曰无衣？与子同袍。王于兴师，修我戈矛。与子同仇！
岂曰无衣？与子同泽。王于兴师，修我矛戟。与子偕作！
岂曰无衣？与子同裳。王于兴师，修我甲兵。与子偕行！
秦风·无衣译文及注释
译文
谁说我们没衣穿？与你同穿那长袍。君王发兵去交战，修整我那戈与矛，杀敌与你同目标。
谁说我们没衣穿？与你同穿那内衣。君王发兵去交战，修整我那矛与戟，出发与你在一起。
谁说我们没衣穿？与你同穿那战裙。君王发兵去交战，修整甲胄与刀兵，杀敌与你共前进。
注释
袍：长袍，即今之斗篷。
王：此指秦君。一说指周天子。于：语助词。兴师：起兵。
同仇：共同对敌。
泽：通“襗”，内衣，如今之汗衫。
作：起。
裳：下衣，此指战裙。
甲兵：铠甲与兵器。
行：往。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：261-263
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：257-259
秦风·无衣创作背景
在《诗经》大量的战争题材作品中，《秦风·无衣》一诗以其高亢的精神境界和独特的表现方式受到人们的重视。然而，由于作品的创作的具体年代已不可考。据今人考证，秦襄公七年（周幽王十一年，公元前771年），周王室内讧，导致戎族入侵，攻进镐京，周王朝土地大部沦陷，秦国靠近王畿，与周王室休戚相关，遂奋起反抗。此诗似在这一背景下产生。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：261-263
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：257-259
秦风·无衣鉴赏
这首诗充满了激昂慷慨、同仇敌忾的气氛。按其内容，当是一首战歌。全诗表现了秦国军民团结互助、共御外侮的高昂士气和乐观精神，其独具矫健而爽朗的风格正是秦人爱国主义精神的反映。
当时的秦国位于今甘肃东部及陕西一带。那里木深土厚，民性厚重质直。班固在《汉书·赵充国辛庆忌传赞》中说秦地“民俗修习战备，高上勇力，鞍马骑射。故秦诗曰：‘王于兴诗，修我甲兵，与子偕行。’其风声气俗自古而然，今之歌谣慷慨风流犹存焉。”朱熹《诗集传》也说：“秦人之俗，大抵尚气概，先勇力，忘生轻死，故其见于诗如此。”这首诗意气风发，豪情满怀，确实反映了秦地人民的尚武精神。在大敌当前、兵临城下之际，他们以大局为重，与周王室保持一致，一听“王于兴师”，他们就一呼百诺，紧跟出发，团结友爱，协同作战，表现出崇高无私的品质和英雄气概。
由于此诗旨在歌颂，也就是说以“美”为主，所以对秦军来说有巨大的鼓舞力量。据《左传》记载，鲁定公四年（公元前506年），吴国军队攻陷楚国的首府郢都，楚臣申包胥到秦国求援，“立依于庭墙而哭，日夜不绝声，勺饮不入口，七日，秦哀公为之赋《无衣》，九顿首而坐，秦师乃出”。于是一举击退了吴兵。可以想像，在秦王誓师的时候，此诗犹如一首誓词；对士兵们来说，则又似一首动员令。
如前所述，秦人尚武好勇，反映在这首诗中则以气概胜。诵读此诗，不禁为诗中火一般燃烧的激情所感染，那种慷慨激昂的英雄主义气概令人心驰神往。之所以造成这样的艺术效果，第一是每章开头都采用了问答式的句法。一句“岂曰无衣”，似自责，似反问，洋溢着不可遏止的愤怒与愤慨，仿佛在人们复仇的心灵上点上一把火，于是无数战士同声响应：“与子同袍！”“与子同泽！”“与子同裳！”第二是语言富有强烈的动作性：“修我戈矛！”“修我矛戟！”“修我甲兵！”使人想像到战士们在磨刀擦枪、舞戈挥戟的热烈场面。这样的诗句，可以歌，可以舞，堪称激动人心的活剧。
诗共三章，采用了重叠复沓的形式。每一章句数、字数相等，但结构的相同并不意味简单的、机械的重复，而是不断递进，有所发展的。如首章结句“与子同仇”，是情绪方面的，说的是他们有共同的敌人。二章结句“与子偕作”，作是起的意思，这才是行动的开始。三章结句“与子偕行”，行训往，表明诗中的战士们将奔赴前线共同杀敌了。这种重叠复沓的形式固然受到乐曲的限制，但与舞蹈的节奏起落与回环往复也是紧密结合的，而构成诗中主旋律的则是一股战斗的激情，激情的起伏跌宕自然形成乐曲的节奏与舞蹈动作，正所谓“长言之不足，故嗟叹之。嗟叹之不足，故不知手之舞之足之蹈之也。”（《礼记·乐记》）
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佚名《
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卷阿》
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佚名《
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国风·邶风·凯风》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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摇摇花行
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宋代：
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章采
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摇摇花，长安城南道。
小草欣欣造物匀，三月来来野田好。
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千秋岁 赠王子丹麓五十初度，奉次原韵
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清代：
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宋荦
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韦编三换。一石才过半。丘壑性，终难变。传文洛纸贵，顾曲吴绫贱。
便便也，撑肠柱腹皆奇卷。
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兰亭故居
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宋代：
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王迈
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弭节稽山乐事多，旧闻一一入搜罗。
卧薪伯业今何在，乔木家声久不磨。
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挽王西樵司勋 其一
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清代：
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李天馥
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消息惊传《鵩赋》成，悠悠天道意难平。不禁秋夜汍澜泪，何限春明缟纻情。
《十笏》缥缃空旧草，百年霜露又前生。觥船遽觉司勋梦，无复江湖载酒行。
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建南九曲棹歌 其八
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明代：
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郑潜
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八曲云山好卜邻，楮衾萑席不忧贫。水边照日铺晴雪，竹外含风织翠茵。
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中渡至西俄洛
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清代：
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和瑛
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朝渡雅隆江，浮梁乃舟造。山谷为我庐，又入西南奥。
深林蔽天日，人迹真罕到。凛冽刺毛骨，猬缩马牛踔。