清人
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两汉]：佚名
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清人在彭，驷介旁旁。二矛重英，河上乎翱翔。
清人在消，驷介麃麃。二矛重乔，河上乎逍遥。
清人在轴，驷介陶陶。左旋右抽，中军作好。
清人创作背景
《郑风·清人》是批评郑国军队游戏离散的诗歌，为《诗经·郑风》的第五首。春秋时期，大小诸侯国之间战争频仍，攻伐兼并不绝于史。因高克带领的清邑部队不积极备战御敌，故郑国诗人作此诗以讽刺之。又据《毛诗序》，诗作者为郑公子素。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：161-162
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：157-159
清人鉴赏
这是一首辛辣的讽刺诗。在此诗作者眼中，高克带领的部队，战马披甲，不可谓不雄壮；战车插矛，不可谓不威武。可是清邑的士兵却不是在为抵御敌人随时可能的入侵而认真备战，却在河上逍遥游逛，耍弄刀枪；身为将帅的高克也闲来无事，只是以练武来消磨时光而已。此诗讽刺的对象是高克，而最终深深斥责的是郑文公的昏庸。
至于为什么说讽刺的矛头最终是对准郑文公，古代有一位论者分析得很有道理：“人君擅一国之名宠，生杀予夺，唯我所制耳。使高克不臣之罪已著，按而诛之可也。情状未明，黜而退之可也。爱惜其才，以礼驭之亦可也。乌可假以兵权，委诸竟上（边境），坐视其离散而莫之恤乎！《春秋》书曰：‘郑弃其师。’其责之深矣！”（朱熹《诗集传》引胡氏语）。总之，在抵御外敌之时，郑文公因讨厌高克反而派他带领清邑士兵去河边驻防的决策是完全错误的。
全诗共三章，写清邑士兵在黄河边上的彭地、消地、轴地驻防时的种种表现。表面上是在称颂他们，说他们的披甲战马如何强壮，奔驰起来又如何威风；战车上装饰着漂亮的矛，是如何的壮盛；军中的武士也好，主帅也好，武艺又是如何高强。而实际上他们却是在河上闲散游逛。每章的最后一句如画龙点睛，用“翱翔”、“逍遥”、“作好”等词来揭出本相，其讽刺的手法是较为含蓄的。从诗的章法上说，三个章节的结构和用词变化都不甚大，只有第三章与前两章不同处较多。作者采用反复咏叹的手法，以增强诗歌的气势和表现力，从而达到其讽刺的效果。
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佚名《
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小明》
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下一首：
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佚名《
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小雅·蓼萧》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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清平乐
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：
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黄侃
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寸眉两叶。禁受愁千叠。幽意缠绵无处说。但有魂销心切。
更深月过回廊。照见秋花断肠。侬比秋花命薄，谁怜独自凄凉。
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冬夜月下作
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宋代：
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陆游
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造物宁能困此翁，浩歌庭下答松风。
煌煌斗柄插天北，焰焰月轮生海东。
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次韵叔向
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宋代：
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韩淲
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君在南湖住，我同东郭游。陈蕃无下榻，王粲有登楼。
吟苦诗陶写，酣沉酒拍浮。德辉天外凤，机静水边鸥。
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次韵周共叔五首 其四
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：
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许景衡
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赐环初就日，弛担又逾年。老矣怀三径，归欤有几钱。
报君惭犬马，恋阙望云天。但得邻颜巷，宁论负郭田。
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小适园桃花忽开 其二
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明代：
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王鏊
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花开犹未报人知，花下行吟漫自思。花若能言应笑我，年年无酒只题诗。
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吉州感事 其三
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清代：
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屈大均
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惊人惟间道，老我是孤城。深入应无敌，迟行自受兵。
师徒随雨散，壁垒与云平。饮尽将军血，苍茫哭一声。