北门
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两汉]：佚名
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出自北门，忧心殷殷。终窭且贫，莫知我艰。已焉哉！天实为之，谓之何哉！
王事适我，政事一埤益我。我入自外，室人交徧谪我。已焉哉！天实为之，谓之何哉！
王事敦我，政事一埤遗我。我入自外，室人交徧摧我。已焉哉！天实为之，谓之何哉！
北门译文及注释
译文
我从北门出城去，心中烦闷多忧伤。既受困窘又贫寒，没人知我艰难样。既然这样算了吧，都是老天安排定，我有什么办法想！
王家差事派给我，衙门公务也增加。我从外面回到家，家人纷纷将我骂。既然这样算了吧，都是老天安排定，我有什么好办法！
王家差事逼迫我，衙门公务也派齐。我从外面回家里，家人纷纷将我讥。既然这样算了吧，都是老天安排定，我有什么好主意！
注释
邶（bèi）：中国周代诸侯国名，地在今河南省汤阴县东南。
殷殷：忧愁深重的样子。
终：王引之《经义述闻》引王念孙说：“终，犹既也。”窭（jù）：贫寒，艰窘。
已焉哉：既然这样。
谓：犹奈也，即奈何不得之意。
王事：周王的事。适（zhì）：同“擿”，扔，掷。适我，扔给我。
政事：公家的事。一：都。埤（pí）益：增加。
徧：同“遍”。讁（zhé）：谴责，责难。
敦：逼迫。
遗：交给。
摧：挫也，讥刺。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：78-80
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：80-82
北门创作背景
关于《北门》一诗的历史背景及其本事，现代学者（如高亨《诗经今注》、程俊英《诗经译注）等）一般都认为这是一首小官吏不堪其苦而向人怨诉的诗。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：78-80
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：80-82
北门鉴赏
这是一首小官吏诉说自己愁苦的诗。从诗的语言看，并没有“忠臣不得其志”或“安于贫仕”之意，旧说未免令人感到迂曲，今人的“怨诉”说则解释较为圆满。诗中的小官吏公事繁重苛细，虽辛勤应付，但生活依然清贫。上司非但不体谅他的艰辛，反而一味给他分派任务，使他不堪重负。辛辛苦苦而位卑禄薄，使他牢骚满腹，家人的责备更使他难堪，他深感仕路崎岖，人情浇薄，所以长吁短叹，痛苦难禁，悲愤之余，只好归之于天，安之若命。
此诗经北门开篇，自古以来，北通“背”，朱熹解读第一章开篇为“比”，就预先注明诗的主人公正面临着背时的命运。其实，从府衙北门而出，当然是背对光明而来的，自然是形象暗淡无光，精神萎靡不振。他一副忧心忡忡的样子，低着头走回家。因为无职无权，当然就要受穷了，想体面也体面不起来，其内心之黯然神伤，可想而知。但别人却不知道他的这份艰难，这个别人不只包括他的饱食终日无所用心的上司，还包括靠他糊那点薪俸养活的家人。他也自知没有本事，但又无能为力，只剩下愁眉苦脸、唉声叹气的份了。这个小官吏，甘于清贫，内外交困，穿着寒酸，愧对家人，但又如此任劳任怨，忠于王事，勤于政事，真是具有敬业精神的忠谨之士。
这首诗的主人公虽然是一名官吏，但全诗并非无病呻吟，的确体现了《诗经》“饥者歌其食，劳者歌其事”的现实主义精神。对诗中连用“我”字而蕴含的感情色彩。全诗纯用赋法，不假比兴，然而每章末尾“已焉哉，天实为之，谓之何哉”三句重复使用，大大增强了语气，深有一唱三叹之效，牛运震《诗志》认为这些句段与《古诗十九首》中“弃捐勿复道，努力加餐饭”等一样，“皆极悲愤语，勿认作安命旷达”，这是很有见地的。
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佚名《
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君子阳阳》
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佚名《
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有狐》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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移居太仆街
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明代：
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石宝
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从仕二十载，卜居亦六七。身世任蓬转，无问喧与僻。
最后移阙西，地位更平直。趋鼓向启明，绕尽宫树碧。
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奉送浙江省危宰郎中除湖广
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元代：
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吴景奎
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毗赞仪曹觐九关，南从宰属缀鹓班。庾楼月上偕僚佐，郎省星移镇獠蛮。
叶落洞庭秋雨后，书来吴会莫云间。阴阴官柳相迎送，天骥催归十二闲。
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蔎林劝予移居于杭雪舫檗斋二使君亦云然而瓯亭和之独堇浦有以知予之难于迁也
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唐代：
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全祖望
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此间良足乐，思蜀还瞿然。既恋善和书，亦念原氏阡。
以兹几踌踷，孤负卜居萹。我家旧吟社，近在孤山前。
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述谢陈亮之邦伯时自广平被召 其一
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明代：
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顾璘
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铜章叨拜庶官中，先达从君见古风。乡谊每劳开阁待，民情长许置邮通。
才疏谬得淮阳召，身在应怀鲍叔功。已幸枳栖能脱迹，唯於离索叹西东。
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挽石应之提刑 其二
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：
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孙应时
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芹泮青灯夜，山亭皂盖春。重更双使节，总为两淮民。
德意人人浃，工夫事事新。帝城车马外，才此寄经纶。
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成都西郊即兴
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近现代：
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陈仁德
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客馆终朝掩幔帏，偶来郊外叩荆扉。田头觅食群鸡逐，水畔衔泥乳燕飞。
油菜新开花似海，柳芽才露叶如锥。果然西蜀风光好，极目天涯尽翠微。