国风·邶风·式微
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两汉]：佚名
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式微，式微，胡不归？微君之故，胡为乎中露！
式微，式微，胡不归？微君之躬，胡为乎泥中！
国风·邶风·式微译文及注释
译文
天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？如果不是为君主，何以还在露水中！
天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？如果不是为君主，何以还在泥浆中！
注释
式：作语助词。微：（日光）衰微，黄昏或曰天黑。
微：非。微君：要不是君主。
中露：露中。倒文以协韵。
躬：身体。
国风·邶风·式微创作背景
相传中国周代设有采诗之官，每年春天，摇着木铎深入民间收集民间歌谣，把能够反映人民欢乐疾苦的作品，整理后交给太师（负责音乐之官）谱曲，演唱给天子听，作为施政的参考。这首《式微》即是深刻的反应了社会现实的诗歌。
参考资料：
1、《先秦诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1998年12月版
国风·邶风·式微鉴赏
关于此诗主旨，《毛诗序》说是黎侯为狄所逐，流亡于卫，其臣作此劝他归国。刘向《列女传·贞顺篇》说是卫侯之女嫁黎国庄公，却不为其所纳，有人劝以归，她则“终执贞一，不违妇道，以俟君命”，并赋此诗以明志。二说均牵强附会，因为无论是实指黎侯或黎庄妇人，都缺乏史实佐证。余冠英认为“这是苦于劳役的人所发的怨声”（《诗经选》），乃最切诗旨。
诗凡二章，都以“式微，式微，胡不归”起调：天黑了，天黑了，为什么还不回家？诗人紧接着便交待了原因：“微君之故，胡为乎中露”；“微君之躬，胡为乎泥中”。意思是说，为了君主的事情，为了养活他们的贵体，才不得不终年累月、昼夜不辍地在露水和泥浆中奔波劳作。短短二章，寥寥几句，受奴役者的非人处境以及他们对统治者的满腔愤懑，给读者留下极其深刻的印象。
在艺术上，这首诗有两个特点。一是以设问强化语言效果。从全诗看，“式微，式微，胡不归”，并不是有疑而问，而是胸中早有定见的故意设问。诗人遭受统治者的压迫，夜以继日地在野外干活，有家不能回，苦不堪言，自然要倾吐心中的牢骚不平，但如果是正言直述，则易于穷尽，采用这种虽无疑而故作有疑的设问形式，使诗篇显得宛转而有情致，同时也引人注意，启人以思，所谓不言怨而怨自深矣。二是以韵脚烘托情感气氛。诗共二章十句，不仅句句用韵，而且每章换韵，故而全诗词气紧凑，节奏短促，情调急迫，充分表达出了服劳役者的苦痛心情以及他们日益增强的背弃暴政的决心。从此诗所用韵脚分析，前章用微韵、鱼韵，后章为微韵、侵韵，这些韵部都较适合表达哀远沉痛的情绪。诗人的随情用韵，使诗情藉着韵脚所体现的感情基调获得了充分的强调。所以方玉润评此诗云：“语浅意深，中藏无限义理，未许粗心人卤莽读过。”（《诗经原始》）
由于《毛诗》将此诗解说成劝归，历代学《诗》者又都以毛说为主，所以“式微”一词竟逐渐衍为中国古典诗歌中的“归隐”意象，如唐王维“即此羡闲逸，怅然吟式微”（《渭川田家》）；孟浩然“因君故乡去，遥寄式微吟”（《都下送辛大夫之鄂》》；贯休“东风来兮歌式微，深云道人召来归”（《别杜将军》）等等，由此也可见出此诗对后世的影响。
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佚名《
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国风·召南·鹊巢》
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佚名《
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子衿》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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韩休知
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明代：
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李东阳
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内家伎乐喧歌酒，外庭宰相还知否，语罢封章惊在手。
君王对镜念苍生，一身甘为韩休瘦。
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次韵李豸秀才来别子瞻仍谢惠马二首
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宋代：
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苏辙
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小床卧客笑元龙，弹铗无舆下舍中。
五马不辞分后乘，轻裘初许敝诸公。
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上曹大夫
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宋代：
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郑侠
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客从南英到揭阳，十有五年困长道。
囊资空竭奴仆愁，气象尘埃颜貌老。
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梦园菊离离起而有感
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明代：
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佘翔
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白水塘边旧草莱，十年三径锁苍苔。寒花解得人归意，昨夜分明入梦来。
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戊寅正月寿张华东年兄七十三初度兼订观海之约 其二
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明代：
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毕自严
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传闻海蜃幻楼台，仙屋筹添瑞气开。岱岳孔林游屐遍，何当把臂向蓬莱。
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游罗浮四首 其四
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明代：
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刘存业
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抱被相随石室中，天鸡初唱海涛红。晦明不定山头日，呼舞无端谷口风。
前辈书题空石藓，野人心思只云松。神仙骨相知谁是，更踏飞云最上峰。