再经胡城县
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唐代]：杜荀鹤
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去岁曾经此县城，县民无口不冤声。
今来县宰加朱绂，便是生灵血染成。
再经胡城县译文及注释
译文
去年首经路过胡城县城，城里的百性人人喊冤声。
到如今县官升官穿红袍，这红袍原是百性血染成。
注释
胡城县：唐时县名，故城在今安徽省阜阳县西北。
县宰：县令。朱绂（fú）：系官印的红色丝带，然唐诗中多用以指绯衣。唐制五品服浅绯，四品服深绯。
生灵：生民。
再经胡城县鉴赏
题目是“再经胡城县”，诗人自然会由“再经”而想到“初经”。写“初经”的见闻，只从县民方面落墨，未提县宰；写“再经”的见闻，只从县宰方面着笔，未提县民，这就留下了广阔的想象余地。如果听信封建统治阶级所谓“爱民如子”之类的自我标榜，那么读到“县民无口不冤声”，只能设想那“冤”来自别的方面，而不会与县宰联系起来；至于县宰呢，作为县民的“父母官”，必然在为县民伸冤而奔走号呼。读到“今来县宰加朱绂”，也准以为“县宰”由于为县民伸冤而得到了上司的嘉奖，然而出人意料的是，诗人在写了“初经”与“再经”的见闻之后，却对县宰的“朱绂”作出了“便是生灵血染成”的判断，这真是石破天惊，匪夷所思。
结句引满而发，对统治者的揭露与鞭挞不留余地，这与常见的含蓄风格迥乎不同。但就艺术表现而言，诗中却仍然有含而不露的东西在，因而也有余味可寻。“县民无口不冤声”既然是“去岁”的见闻，那么县民喊的是什么冤以及喊冤的结果如何，诗人当然记忆犹新，但没有明写。县宰加朱绂“既然是“今来”的见闻，那么这和县民喊冤的结果有什么联系，诗人当然很清楚，但也没有明写。而这没有明写的一切，这就造成了悬念。最后，诗人才把县宰的朱绂和县民的鲜血这两种颜色相同而性质相反的事物出人意外地结合在一起，写出了惊心动魄的结句。诗人没有明写的一切，就都见于言外，获得了强烈的艺术效果。县宰未加朱绂之时，权势还不够大，腰杆还不够硬，却已经逼得“县民无口不冤声”；如今因屠杀冤民而赢得了上级的嘉奖，加了朱绂，尝到了甜头，权势更大，腰杆更硬，他又将干些什么，诗人也没有明写，然而弦外有音，有很强的震撼力。
全诗构思巧妙，诗人描写了他两次路过胡城县的见闻，把这两次见闻写进诗中，构成对比，使主题更加鲜明醒目，这一对比，使人们清楚地看到朝廷的忠奸不分，官吏残暴无耻。害民的官吏反而高升了，封建社会的本质就在这对比中表现出来了。这首诗对后世的影响很大，清末的刘鹗在长篇小说《老残游记》中，写山东巡抚玉贤因害民升官的诗句“血染顶珠红”便是从这首诗的最后一句脱化而出的。
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睢景臣《
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柳宗元《
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封建论》
杜荀鹤简介
唐代·杜荀鹤的简介
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杜荀鹤(846～904)，唐代诗人。字彦之，号九华山人。汉族，池州石埭（今安徽石台）人。大顺进士，以诗名，自成一家，尤长于宫词。大顺二年，第一人擢第，复还旧山。宣州田頵遣至汴通好，朱全忠厚遇之，表授翰林学士、主客员外郎、知制诰。恃势侮易缙绅，众怒，欲杀之而未及。天祐初卒。自序其文为《唐风集》十卷，今编诗三卷。事迹见孙光宪《北梦琐言》、何光远《鉴诫录》、《旧五代史·梁书》本传、《唐诗纪事》及《唐才子传》。
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