山坡羊·侍牧庵先生西湖夜饮
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元代]：刘时中
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微风不定，幽香成径，红云十里波千顷。绮罗馨，管弦清，兰舟直入空明镜。碧天夜凉秋月冷。天，湖外影；湖，天上景。
山坡羊·侍牧庵先生西湖夜饮译文及注释
译文
湖面上吹来一阵阵清风，小路两旁散发着丹桂的幽香，十里湖面上荷花盛开像一片朝霞，千顷湖面闪烁着粼粼波光。陪同夜饮的歌伎们身着绫罗幽香扑鼻，弹拨的管弦声悠扬清越，同乘一叶兰舟直向空明如镜的湖中驶去。不觉已夜深人静，蓝天澄碧，月色明净。在明月的照耀下，澄碧的蓝天好似一泓湖水，闪烁着点点灯火的湖面又好似繁星点缀的天宇。
注释
山坡羊：曲牌名，十一句，押九韵，或每句入韵。
牧庵：姚燧，元代散文家，作者的恩师。
绮（qǐ）罗：细绫，一种高贵华美的丝织品。
管弦：管弦乐器。
兰舟：构造精美的画舫。空明镜：本喻夜空明月，此指空明如镜的湖面。
参考资料：
1、邓元煊主编．元曲品读：四川辞书出版社，2015.08,：第9页
2、陈常锦选注．元曲：贵州人民出版社，2000.11：第55页
山坡羊·侍牧庵先生西湖夜饮创作背景
姚燧可能在元成宗大德五年（1301）以后，曾有杭州之行。姚燧至杭州，刘致恰任江浙行省都事，因对姚燧竭尽弟子之礼，倾情陪伴恩师畅游西湖。这首小令就是在这种情景下写下的。
参考资料：
1、赵义山主编．元曲鉴赏辞典：商务印书馆国际有限公司，2012.01：第516页
山坡羊·侍牧庵先生西湖夜饮鉴赏
首三句写：微风不停地吹动，落花撒满花间小道，此为陆道游历。来到湖边，突然看到十里荷花盛开在碧波千顷的湖面上。红云十里，应指西湖景观十里荷花。宋柳永《望海潮》：“重湖叠巘清嘉，有三秋桂子，十里荷花。羌管弄晴，菱歌泛夜，嘻嘻钓叟莲娃。”宋杨万里诗《晓出净慈寺送林子方》：“毕竟西湖六月中，风光不与四时同。接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。”刘致曲化用前人诗境，了无痕迹，天衣无缝。
中四句写游湖饮酒。游者登上舟，荡漾湖中。兰舟又称花船，船中有歌使，唱曲侑酒，以助游兴。唐代白居易《武丘寺路》：“银勒牵骄马，花船载丽人。”“绮罗馨，管弦清”二句，一写歌伎华丽的装束，一写其吹管弹弦的技艺。于此之时，饮美酒，观佳丽，听清歌，品丝竹，不知不觉，兰舟驰入西湖深处，湖水清澈广渺，饮者游兴也渐入佳境，于是流连忘返。直到夜色降临，碧天夜空，只感秋风习习，阵阵凉意，却依旧游兴不减，又见月光清凉，酒遍湖面，犹如明镜，使人陶醉销魂。“碧天”句，借用唐杜牧《秋夕》“天阶夜色凉如水”、宋代孙锐《平湖秋月》“月冷寒泉凝不流”等句意，用语简洁，视觉与体感结合，很有情致。
尾四句直写感觉，最见功力：“天，湖外影；湖，天上景。”此写西湖夜色，用语精要。满天繁星，仿佛是西湖外景；西湖灯火阑珊，俨然人间天堂。作者极其传神地概括出“杭州人间天堂”的意象，表达了对西湖的无限赞美之情。
全曲精致玲珑，风格俊逸清丽，造境极有情致。论曲境，一首短曲，概括西湖绝美的景观，荷花美，兰舟美，人美，水美，月美，歌美，组合成美丽夜景，构成一幅绝美的西湖夜游图。论曲艺，其画面美，语言美，用韵美，造境美，作者流露出的感情也美。全曲几乎句句有景，字字有情。此曲以意境烘托情感，浑然天成，本身就像一杯醇厚的美酒。
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萧抡谓《
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读书有所见作》
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张可久《
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人月圆·春日湖上》
刘时中简介
唐代·刘时中的简介
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刘时中 [元] （约元成宗大德年间前后在世），洪都（今江西南昌）人，元代散曲家。生卒年、生平、字号均不详，约元成宗大德年间前后在世。官学士，时中工作曲，今存小令六十余支，套数三四首，以水仙子西湖四时渔歌最著名。
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