采莲曲
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唐代]：白居易
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采莲曲译文及注释
译文
菱叶在水面飘荡，荷叶在风中摇曳荷花深处，采莲的小船轻快飞梭。
采莲姑娘碰见自己的心上人，想跟他打招呼又怕人笑话。便低头羞涩微笑，一不留神，头上的玉簪掉落水中。
注释
萦（yíng）：萦回，旋转，缭绕；
飐（zhǎn）：摇曳；
小船通：两只小船相遇；
搔头：簪之别名；碧玉搔头：即碧玉簪，简称玉搔头。
采莲曲创作背景
此诗创作于白居易出任杭州（公元822～824年）之时。此时，诗人远离上层政治集团的勾心斗角，沉醉在旖旎的江南风光和与友人的诗酒酬和之中，生活轻松、舒心。诗人无意间捕捉到一对年轻男女在荷塘上相遇的有趣一幕，随即创作了本诗。
参考资料：
1、朱易安，朱金城著,国学大讲堂 白居易诗集导读,中国国际广播出版社,2009.1,第13页
采莲曲鉴赏
《采莲曲》，乐府旧题，为《江南弄》七曲之一。内容多描写江南一带水国风光，采莲女子劳动生活情态，以及她们对纯洁爱情的追求等。描写采莲生活的诗歌很早就出现了，汉乐府中就有《采莲曲》《江南可采莲》“江
南可采莲，莲叶何田田！鱼戏莲叶间：鱼戏莲叶东，鱼戏莲叶西，鱼戏莲叶南，鱼戏莲叶北。”南北朝出现了不少写采莲生活的名作，如《西洲曲》“采莲南唐秋，莲花过人。低头弄莲子，莲子清如水头。”到了唐代，写采莲更是成为一种时尚，很多名家如李白、白居易、王昌龄、戎昱、崔国辅、皇甫松等都写过这类诗歌。白居易的《采莲曲》写得尤为细腻动人。
白居易这首诗描写的是一位采莲姑娘腼腆的情态和羞涩的心理。前两句写风中婀娜舞动的荷叶荷花，从荷花的深处有小船悠然划出，画面充满了动感。“菱叶萦波荷飐风”，在碧水荡漾一望无际的水面上，菱叶荷叶一片碧绿，阵阵清风吹来，水波浮动，绿叶随风摇摆，菱叶在绿波荡漾的湖面上飘飘荡荡，荷花在风中摇曳生姿。正因为绿叶的摇动，才让人们看到了“荷叶深处小船通”。荷花深处，暗示了荷花的茂盛、广阔，而“小船通”，则告诉读者有人有活动。这就像一组电影长镜头，先见一片风光，然后将人物活动呈现在其中，给人以真切感。
然后诗人用了一个日常习见、颇具情趣的细节：“逢郎欲语低头笑，碧玉搔头落水中。”采莲少女看见了自己的情郎，正想说话却又突然止住，羞涩得在那里低头微笑，不想一不小心，头上的碧玉簪儿落入了水中。“欲语低头笑”既表现了少女的无限喜悦，又表现了少女初恋时的羞涩难为情。“碧玉搔头落水中”又进一步暗示了少女“低头笑”的激动神态。后两句描写细致，生动逼真。诗人抓住人物的神情和细节精心刻画，一个欲语还休、含羞带笑的姑娘宛然出现在读者眼前。
《采莲曲》为民歌体裁，同类的作品历来很多。但白居易没有落入俗套，在短短的四句二十八个字中，既写景，又写人，生动形象，富有情趣，层层深入，活灵活现。此诗用乐府旧题写男女恋情，少女欲语低头的羞涩神态，以及搔头落水的细节描写，都自然逼真，意味无穷。犹如一卷望不尽的画面，使人百读不厌。
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皇甫松《
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采莲子二首》
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晏几道《
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鹧鸪天·守得莲开结伴游》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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