菩萨蛮·回文
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宋代]：苏轼
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峤南江浅红梅小，小梅红浅江南峤。窥我向疏篱，篱疏向我窥。
老人行即到，到即行人老。离别惜残枝，枝残惜别离。
菩萨蛮·回文译文及注释
译文
山南的江水浅处红梅开出小花，浅红色小朵梅花，开放在江南山岭上。红梅探看我倚靠着稀疏的篱笆，红梅从篱笆的缝里朝我望着。
南极老人星行将到来，老人星到时，就是进入暮年时。离别时我们叮嘱要珍惜余年，红梅枯谢了，我们会依恋别离时的情谊。
注释
菩萨蛮：词牌名，原为唐教坊曲名。又名“菩萨篁”、“重叠金”、“花间意”、“梅花句”等。上下片各四句，均为两仄韵，两平韵。
回文：诗词的一种形式，因回环往复均能成诵而得名，相传起于前秦窦滔妻苏蕙的《璇玑图》。
江南：代指黄州。
疏篱：稀疏的篱笆。
篱疏：篱笆之间的缝隙。
老人：老人星，又叫寿星，暗指时光流逝很快。
行人，代指赵晦之。老：暮年。
残枝：残败的梅花树枝，这里代指余年。
惜：依恋。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：673-675
菩萨蛮·回文创作背景
苏轼贬居黄州后写了不少咏梅诗词。宋神宗元丰五年（1082年）元月，时值梅花盛开，苏轼作该词歌颂红梅高洁的品格，赠给在藤州（今广西藤县）任知州的好友赵晦之。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：673-675
菩萨蛮·回文鉴赏
上片，以拟人的手法，写梅与人传情，赞美了梅一样高洁的人格。“峤南江浅红梅小，小梅红浅江南峤。”开头两句用回环句式特写了细弱的“小梅”开在很不显眼的“江南”黄州这块土地上，苏轼借以自喻贬谪的孤芳生活。“窥我向疏篱，篱疏向我窥”，突出了细弱的梅花与贬谪的苏轼同是苦命根，如坐篱牢，只能通过篱缝传话慰藉，借以显露出梅的孤傲品格，人的独立性格。上片，既描写了景物梅的形象，又体现出景物梅的形象中的苏轼的情感体验，引起读者的共鸣。
下片，从时空变化的角度，苏轼叮嘱赵晦之要把握住有限的时光，珍重自己，爱惜余年。“老人行即到，到即行人老。”反复进言，以“老人”点明双方生存的时间，以“行人”点明双方生存的空间。时空交错，造成一种同是天涯沦落人的苍凉感。“离别惜残枝，枝残惜别离”，苏轼仍以梅的品格自喻，点明了该词“红梅赠别”的主旨：虽是暮春的残枝梅，仍傲立于自然间，但应珍惜。说不定来年一到，“春风吹又生”，新枝发新芽了，暗示着苏轼傲然不屈，期望重返朝廷的美愿。
与其他咏梅词一样，该词仍然是以梅格喻人品的。残梅的枯凉景象与词中“行人”的孤独身影融合无间。这是以景物渲染出“惜别离”的环境与气氛，寄寓着岭南的残梅和黄州的残梅，终有一天，会焕发出新枝而青春永驻的情意来。
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看梅绝句》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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