采桑子·桃花羞作无情死
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清代]：纳兰性德
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桃花羞作无情死，感激东风。吹落娇红，飞入闲窗伴懊侬。
谁怜辛苦东阳瘦，也为春慵。不及芙蓉，一片幽情冷处浓。
采桑子·桃花羞作无情死译文及注释
译文
桃花并非无情地死去，在这春阑花残之际，艳丽的桃花被东风吹落，飞入窗棂，陪伴着伤情的人共度残留的春光。
有谁来怜惜我这像沈约般飘零殆尽、日渐消瘦的身影，为春残而懊恼，感到慵懒无聊。虽比不上芙蓉花，但它的一片幽香在清冷处却显得更加浓重。
注释
采桑子：《百名家词钞》作“罗敷媚”。
娇红：嫩红，鲜艳的红色。这里指花。
懊侬（ào nóng）：烦闷。这里指烦闷的人。
东阳：指南朝梁沈约。因其曾为东阳太守，故称。唐朝初期，著名的史学家姚思廉和他的父亲姚察在所著史籍《梁书·沈约传》中，高度赞誉了他的人品和文品，评价他“高才博洽、一代英伟。”姚思廉在《梁书·沈约传》中记载：“沈约，永明末出守东阳……百日数旬革带常应移孔，以手握臂率计月小半分。”沈约操劳过度，日渐消瘦后，被世人以“东阳销瘦”、“东阳瘦体”称之。
⑤春慵（yōng）：春天的懒散情绪。
⑥芙蓉：荷花，或以为指芙蓉镜。段成式《酉阳杂俎续集》：“相国李公下第游蜀，遇一老妪。言：郎君明年芙蓉镜下及第。明年，果然状头及第。”
幽情：《草堂嗣响》作“幽香”。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著；聂小晴注译．纳兰词全编笺注：北京联合出版公司，2013.08：第25-27页
2、闵泽平编著．纳兰词全集 汇编汇评汇校：崇文书局，2012.03：第1-2页
采桑子·桃花羞作无情死创作背景
纳兰在写这首词的时候年纪尚轻，早先他拜在名师门下，熟读四书五经，中了举人后，纳兰在积极地备考科举考试最后一关的殿试时，却突然得了风寒，失去了参加由皇帝亲自主持考试的机会。在床榻上无聊躺着的纳兰有感而发，写下了这首《采桑子。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著；聂小晴注译．纳兰词全编笺注：北京联合出版公司，2013.08：第25-27页
采桑子·桃花羞作无情死鉴赏
在这首小令中，作者淡淡地写出了伤春自怜的哀伤。这表面上看是一首伤春伤离之作，但事实上却是借着伤春抒写伤怀之情。
上阕写春阑花残，艳丽的桃花被东风吹落，飘零殆尽。然而，艳丽娇柔、多情婉转的桃花无法接受无情的死，多情的花总要有某种多情的死法。“感激东风”是观花的作者所发的感慨。东风把娇红的桃花吹落，没有任它委于尘土泥泞，而是吹它飞进了容若的小窗，让它来陪伴容若这个伤情的人共度残留的春光。看到桃花无可奈何的命运，作者也感伤起了自己，从下片开始，“谁怜辛苦东阳瘦”，便是作者的自况。
下阕先点出作者为春残懊恼，而慵懒无聊，下接以结句，加深加浓了伤春之意，心静下来了，可是思念之情却更加强烈。纳兰性德以沈约自况，形容自己像沈约一样病容憔悴、抑郁多疾。沈约和作者是一样的美男子，有才有德，作者以沈约自比，既是说自己风流才俊，更是感伤自己身体单薄。这个典故用的十分贴切自然，交代了心境，也写出了实情。而后所接之句“也为春慵”，更是说出自己的身心之所以如此慵懒，并非是为其他闲杂之事所累，只是春天就要结束了。
“不及芙蓉，一片幽情冷处浓”，虽然作者认为桃花妖艳，却还是比不上芙蓉的清幽芬芳。不过，作者这里所指的芙蓉并不是荷花，传说唐朝李固在考试落第之后游览蜀地，遇见一名老妇人，这个老妇人对他说，他明年会在芙蓉镜下科举及第，再过二十年还有拜相之命。于是心灰意冷的李固再次去参加考试，果然中第，而且榜上正好有“人镜芙蓉”一语，正应了那老妇的预言。作者也是因病失去殿试的机会，和落第等同，所以，在这个背景下，作者所说的芙蓉应当是指“芙蓉镜”的典故了。于是，自然而然的，接下去的一句“一片幽情冷处浓”，正是写了自己懊恼的“幽情”。
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柳宗元《
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湘岸移木芙蓉植龙兴精舍》
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李清照《
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残花》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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