于南山往北山经湖中瞻眺
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南北朝]：谢灵运
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朝旦发阳崖，景落憩阴峰。
舍舟眺迥渚，停策倚茂松。
侧径既窈窕，环洲亦玲珑。
俯视乔木杪，仰聆大壑淙。
石横水分流，林密蹊绝踪。
解作竟何感？升长皆丰容。
初篁苞绿箨，新蒲含紫茸。
海鸥戏春岸，天鸡弄和风。
抚化心无厌，览物眷弥重。
不惜去人远，但恨莫与同。
孤游非情叹，赏废理谁通？
于南山往北山经湖中瞻眺译文及注释
译文
清晨出发于南山岩崖，傍晚歇息在北山顶峰。
离船眺望远处的沙洲，拄杖倚靠丰茂的青松。
盘山的小径蜿蜒幽深，圆圆的小洲晶莹空明。
俯视可见高树的梢头，举首聆听深谷的水声。
巨石横谷使涧水分流，密林遮断路径的去向。
春雨普降催万物萌动，草木滋长正葱葱茏茏。
初生的丛竹包裹绿皮，新绿的蒲草紫花待放。
海鸥嬉戏于春日水岸，天鸡弃羽于和煦暖风。
与万物同化心无厌倦，观照物象而悄然移情。
不惜古人隐逸去久远，只恨今人情志不与同。
独游违我真情而慨叹，赏乐废止玄理谁能通。
注释
南山：指今浙江省嵊州市西北的突山、石门山一带。
北山：相对南山而言，指今浙江省上虞市南的东山一带。
瞻（zhān）：往前或往上看。
眺（tiào）：远望。
阳崖：指南山。古时以山南为阳，山北为阴，所以称南山为阳崖。
景：日光，这里指太阳。
憩（qì）：休息。
阴峰：北山。
迥（jiǒng）：远。
渚（zhǔ）：水中的小块陆地，也称洲。
停策：止步的意思。策，手杖。
窈（yǎo）窕（tiǎo）：细长曲折的样子。
玲珑：澄明闪光的样子，形容小洲在天光水色辉映中的状态。
杪（miǎo）：树梢。
淙（cóng）：流水声。
蹊（xī）：小路。
解作：雷雨大作。
丰容：草木茂盛的样子。
篁（huáng）：竹子。
苞：包裹。
箨（tuò）：竹笋一层层的外皮。
新蒲：新生的蒲草。蒲，即菖蒲，生于水边，有香气，根可入药。
紫茸（róng）：初生的蒲叶呈紫色，所以称紫茸。茸，初生的草。
海鸥：一名江鸥，水鸟名，随潮水上下翻飞。
天鸡：鸟名，丹鸡。
抚化：把自己的思想感情渗透到自然万物之中，并与之融为一体；万物有盛衰荣枯的变化，自己也就随之而产生喜怒哀乐。
心无厌：面对美好的自然万物，总是看不够。厌，满足。
览物：观赏景物。
眷（juàn）：留恋。
弥（mí）：更。
去人：隐逸之人。
赏废：赏心之事废止，也就是说，再也不能与好友欢会言笑了。
参考资料：
1、章培恒，安平秋，马樟根主编；刘心明译注．古代文史名著选译丛书 谢灵运鲍照诗选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011.05：第64-68页
2、陈宏天 赵福海 陈复兴主编．昭明文选译注 第二卷 （第二版）：吉林文史出版社，2007年04月第2版：第526页
于南山往北山经湖中瞻眺创作背景
宋文帝元嘉二年（425年）春，谢灵运自南山新居经过巫湖返回北山故宅，一路之上，游山玩水，颇有感受，于是写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、章培恒，安平秋，马樟根主编；刘心明译注．古代文史名著选译丛书 谢灵运鲍照诗选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011.05：第64-68页
于南山往北山经湖中瞻眺鉴赏
这是一首写景咏物诗，它以从南山往北山经巫湖中的所见为主要描绘对象，勾勒出一幅秀美的山水长卷。由于诗人在南山和北山都有住所，故经常往来于两地之间。
诗的一开始，以“朝旦发阳崖，景落憩阴峰”指出湖中的旅程要行一天。这一天的浮游乐趣，所见佳景自然是不胜抒写的。诗人对此并未用墨，而将笔力放在登岸后的所见之上。当诗人结束水面漂泊，舍舟登岸并以马代步时，别是一种情趣。举目四望，远处的沙诸依稀可辨，驻马依傍于茂林古松之下，放眼远眺。“侧径既窈窕，环洲亦玲珑。”这是远景描写，因为离得远，“侧径”显得“窈窕”细小，“环洲”也更见其“玲珑”巧妙。诗人用两个连绵字将陆地水中的景致写活了。“侧径’’既弯曲细小，便以“窈窕”昵称，“环洲”在湖水的波光潋滟中愈觉高低明灭、娇小别致，故冠之以“玲珑”。然后作者用移步换景的手法，改变视觉角度，从听，闻两个侧面写景抒情，“俯视”是参天的乔木，反映出诗人是憩息于阴峰之上，故有俯视乔木的奇笔；“仰聆”是山间大壑中的波声，群岩叠嶂，谷中水流与怪石相搏，在万壑之问激起万千优美的回响。下句“石横水分流，林密蹊绝踪’’，是对上文的承接。“石横”是指分水岭，水因之分流，这是沟壑中流水声响变化万千的原因；“林密”是对上文“茂松’’的照应，而“蹊绝踪"也正是因为“侧径既窈窕’’之故。谢灵运直睹除沅的风光，当他陷入路绝之境无法更向上攀登时，才会觉得情怀得到畅快的抒泄。只有到了险峰之巅可以栖迟的地方，他才能纵目四顾，饱览周围的景物。
“解作竟何感？升长皆丰容”这两句是用典，是据《周易》“天地解而雷雨作”仿改，天地变化，乾坤交泰，造物主使万物丰容繁盛。接下来，用工笔重彩绘出一幅山水图：新竹长出嫩绿的苞芽，芦蒲的初蕊绽出紫色的茸毛。沙鸥在春水江岸嬉戏，美丽的飞禽在和风中上下颓飞。诗人以客观的笔触刻画山水景物，使之历历如在目前。面对这秀丽的大自然，只有与万物同化才能不为外物所惑以致贪欲无厌。但是对景难排，眷恋人间之美的情感愈加强烈。由于诗人厌倦世态，宁愿离开喧嚣的人境，独处于此深山之中，唯恨憾的是没有古代贤人青甚与同游。既然已是孤居独游，一味伤感而嗟叹便大可不必。这种超然物外，寄情山水的情怀无人理解，字里行间流露出“世人莫余知”的遗憾心情。
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滕宾《
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杜甫《
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官定后戏赠》
谢灵运简介
唐代·谢灵运的简介
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谢灵运（385年－433年），东晋陈郡阳夏（今河南太康）人，出生在会稽始宁（今浙江上虞），原为陈郡谢氏士族。东晋名将谢玄之孙，小名“客”，人称谢客。又以袭封康乐公，称谢康公、谢康乐。著名山水诗人，主要创作活动在刘宋时代，中国文学史上山水诗派的开创者。由谢灵运始，山水诗乃成中国文学史上的一大流派，最著名的是《山居赋》，也是见诸史册的第一位大旅行家。谢灵运还兼通史学，工于书法，翻译佛经，曾奉诏撰《晋书》。《隋书·经籍志》、《晋书》录有《谢灵运集》等14种。
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何处又传金椀出，几人争看玉山颓。幽情不是风期旧，异境难从指顾开。
猿鹤已回尘外驾，烟云休造眼中衰。未妨一老同巾履，香火终年谢劫灰。
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次韵玉汝谢橘
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明代：
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王鏊
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洞庭自是君家果，霜落晴洲色渐深。收子未储千颗玉，封侯宁抵万株金。
不移淮北生生意，相馈燕南岁岁心。莫怪野人芹自美，江陵千树不同林。
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干楼晚眺 其一
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明代：
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李贽
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呼朋万里外，拍手层霄间。塞晚浮烟重，天空岁月闲。
断云迷古戍，落日照西山。幸有声歌在，更残且未还。
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三部乐 和霞盦风后木叶枯脱之作
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清代：
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杨玉衔
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林秃山髡，扫木叶一空，似头新沐。蛎墙薜荔，凌乱诗人吟屋。
未岁寒、松柏先凋，岂梅花五月，笛声飞玉。横汾帆乱，又唱大风一曲。