始安秋日
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唐代]：宋之问
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卷云山角戢，碎石水磷磷。
归欤卧沧海，何物贵吾身。
始安秋日鉴赏
公元710年（景云元年），唐睿宗即位，因为宋之问曾依附张易之、武三思，而将他贬至钦州（今广西钦州市）。这是他第二次被贬岭南。《始安秋日》这首诗就是他前往钦州途经桂林时所写的。《旧唐书》说他“再被窜谪，经途江岭，所有篇咏传播远近。”《始安秋日》就是当时广为流传的一首排律。
诗人敏锐地抓住了岭南物候的特征，起句就开门见山地直陈其对桂林的独特感受。次句点题并阐述上句“风景异”的内容：“秋似洛阳春”。洛阳的春日究竟怎样，诗人没有明说，但这是人们所熟悉的，杨柳新绿，繁花似锦，莺歌燕语。仅“洛阳春”三个字就道尽了桂林秋色佳。这句诗写得既概括又具体，简洁而饶有韵味。紧接着的两句诗写得更新颖奇警，“晚霁江天好，分明愁杀人”。在这傍晚时分，雨过天晴，斜阳余辉倾洒江中，江天虽美非故土，只能使离人更加愁肠欲断。“分明”二字活泼了句意，使江天人格化，江天好像是有意恼人的。“卷云山角戢角戢，碎石水磷磷”，晚风袭来，云雾飞卷而去，山峰忽隐忽现，如同兽的角尖在角戢角戢钻动；江水清沏得可以看见底下的小石子，江水在石间穿梭，发出磷磷的声音，悦耳动听。像这样朴实生动的描写，已脱尽了绮靡之气。
自第七八句起，便转入述志感怀。“世业事黄老，妙年孤隐沧”，黄老，道家祖黄帝老子，故称道家之言为黄老。赞美隐士研习黄帝老子的学说，脱尘出俗，能悠游世事之外。宋之问早年曾学道，在陆浑山庄隐居过。这里言外之意很有些悔恨自己未能坚持隐居，热心仕途混迹官场，以致弄到“迁窜极炎鄙”，“百越去断魂”的地步。他一贬再贬终至流放，于是才产生了不如归隐的思想。他在这次流放途中写的《自洪府舟行直书其事》中说道：“妙年拙自晦，皎洁弄文史。谬辱紫泥书，挥翰青云里。事往每增伤，宠来常誓止。铭骨怀报称，逆鳞让金紫。安位衅潜搆，退耕祸犹起。栖岩实吾策，触藩诚内耻。”暗示自己欲进不得，欲退不能，心中感到羞耻。宦海的沉浮，他已经深有体会了。“归欤卧沧海，何物贵吾身”，表现的是急欲隐归的心理。意思是：说归去吧，到那海岛上远离尘世，寄情沧海，这个世界上还有什么东西比自己的生命更贵重呢？上句感叹，下句反诘，深沉有力，蕴含着无限辛酸和无奈。眼前美好的桂林山水，只能更增添他的烦恼和感伤。不久，他被勒令自杀。《旧唐书》说他“先天中，赐死于徙所”。《新唐书》说他“赐死桂林”，情节十分凄惨：“之问得诏震汗，东西步，不引决。祖雍请使者曰‘之问有妻子，幸听决’。使者许之，而之问慌悸不能处家事。祖雍怒曰：‘与公俱负国家当死，奈何迟回邪？’乃饮食洗沐就死。”可见这一次的被流放，诗人早已预感到凶多吉少了。
《始安秋日》诗，是他晚期的作品，感情真挚动人。艺术风格迥异于早年的应制诗。这首诗所写的山水景物，个性鲜明，是诗人在独特环境中的独特感受，给读者以新颖的美感。
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李商隐《
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霜月》
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陈子昂《
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酬晖上人秋夜山亭有赠》
宋之问简介
唐代·宋之问的简介
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宋之问，字延清，一名少连，汉族，汾州（今山西汾阳市）人。一说虢州弘农（今河南灵宝县）人。初唐时期的著名诗人。
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