谒金门·秋已暮
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唐代]：牛希济
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秋已暮，重叠关山岐路。嘶马摇鞭何处去，晓禽霜满树。
梦断禁城钟鼓，泪滴枕檀无数。一点凝红和薄雾，翠蛾愁不语。
谒金门·秋已暮译文及注释
译文
分别时正是秋暮，关山重重连着条条远路。征马嘶鸣，你挥着鞭儿将驰向何处。鸟儿默默地看着你远去，清晓的寒霜满树。
紫禁城中的声声钟鼓，惊断梦忆往事的追溯，梦醒时檀枕上泪滴无数。一点红日如血的殷红，殷红凝和着薄薄的晨雾，翠眉锁愁却无人相诉。
注释
谒金门：词牌名。
关山；泛指关塞和山岳。歧路：岔道。
禁城：宫城。
枕檀：即檀枕。
凝红：指溶有脂粉的眼泪。
翠蛾：指女子黑而细长的眉毛。
谒金门·秋已暮鉴赏
上阕中我们看到一匹马正在关山重叠的岔路上奔驰，一个神情郁郁的旅人骑在马背上缓缓地摇着鞭子，此刻时令已到深秋，在落满霜花的树枝上，禽鸟迎着晨光喳喳地哀啼。这一阕另然仅有四句二十一宇，但却将游子行旅的时间，环境，动作和目击的情景作了十分形象的描绘，真可谓文约而意丰，言简而意赅。“秋已暮”，不仅点明节令已是深秋，而且意味着其时四野正笼罩着一片秋日的暮霭；“重叠关山歧路”，点明游子行旅的空间环境，关山重叠的崎岖与“歧路”的漫长悠远已把旅途跋涉的苦况泄露了出来。“嘶马摇鞭”写出了马行的踟蹰与马嘶的悲凉，而这也正是从侧面写出游子迟迟不忍前行而又不得不摇鞭催马的矛盾情怀。“何处去”。这一小小的设问更道出游子飘泊的景况，这种在人生道路上无目的的追寻，其内心的悲凉自不待言。“晓禽霜满树”不但以五字三“象”(禽一霜一树)浓缩了游子的所见，而且与“秋已暮”相呼应，更见旅人暮行而复晓行的旅途的辛苦与劳顿。古人作诗讲求炼字炼句，此句即炼句之范例：黎明时分，禽鸟啼叫在结满霜花的树枝上，亦如“鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜”似的，短短的语境涵盖了众多的意象和丰富的意蕴，这幅“晨霜鸣禽图”岂不也是游子景况和命运的一个象征，他的心岂不也在人世的风霜中悲衰地呻吟。
下阕写游子去后思妇的愁苦寂寞也极显功力：紫禁城的晨钟幕鼓，惊断了她与所思暂聚的梦影，点点泪珠滴湿了她那散发着檀香的枕衾。“一点凝红新薄雾”，写得极工极巧，我们的女主人公在荧荧泪光中瞥见室内的孤灯，犹如一团红光隐现在薄雾之中；或者是她滴泪到天明，红日的光影透过窗棂射到她迷漾的泪眼中，她也觉得有一团凝聚的红光在薄雾中闪烁。《沧浪诗话》云：“羚羊挂角，无迹可求，故其妙处，透彻玲珑，不可凑泊。如空中之音，相中之色，水中之影，镜中之象，言有尽而意无穷。”延巳此句即如“空中之音，相中之色，水中之影，镜中之象”，“无迹可求”，“言有尽而意无穷”。尾句“翠娥愁不语”也极工丽蕴藉，词人仅仅抓住蛾眉颦蹙含愁不语的情态，便突现出美人外貌的忧郁美和内心的哀静美，一如影象的定格，给人留下了不可磨灭的印象。
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苏轼《
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诉衷情·送述古迓元素》
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李咸用《
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秋日访同人》
牛希济简介
唐代·牛希济的简介
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五代词人。生卒年不详。陇西（今甘肃）人。词人牛峤之侄。早年即有文名，遇丧乱，流寓于蜀，依峤而居。后为前蜀主王建所赏识，任起居郎。前蜀后主王衍时，累官翰林学士、御史中丞。后唐庄宗同光三年(925)，随前蜀主降于后唐，明宗时拜雍州节度副使。
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