阮郎归·潇湘门外水平铺
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宋代]：秦观
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潇湘门外水平铺，月寒征棹孤。红妆饮罢少踟蹰，有人偷向隅。
挥玉著，洒真珠，梨花春雨徐。人人尽道断肠初，那堪肠已无。
阮郎归·潇湘门外水平铺创作背景
绍圣三年（1096），秦观由处州贬往郴州，途经长沙时，曾得到一位仰慕他的妓女的盛情款待。这首词可能就是与此女的告别之作。
参考资料：
1、罗漫主编,宋词新选,湖北教育出版社,2001.6,第500页
2、汝东编注,韶华不为少年留 秦观词版画插图,人民文学出版社,2010.09,第68页
阮郎归·潇湘门外水平铺鉴赏
“潇湘门外水平铺，月寒征棹孤。”首二句写离别的环境。送别的时间是在寒夜，而即将启程的船只有孤零零的一个，越发使送别的场面增添了冷落的气氛。这两句不仅为全词营造了冷清凄惨的氛围，而且显示出一种离别的紧迫感，为下文写离别情事张本。
“红妆饮罢少踟蹰，有人偷向隅。”后两句笔触转向离别之人，“红妆”和“有人”实际上是一人，就是义妓。“有人偷向隅”取自于“有一人独索然向隅”之意。“踟蹰”二字，反映了她心中的依恋与不舍；偷偷向隅，又显示出她的矜持与体贴。
“挥玉箸，洒真珠，梨花春雨馀。”过片承接上片最后一句，具体形容这位女子哭泣的情态。连用三个形象比喻义妓的眼泪：如玉箸，如珍珠，如春雨，连连不断，展现了一位形象优雅、感情真挚的美丽女性形象，使读者深深体会到，词人与这样深爱他的人离别，是何等伤心与遗憾。
“人人尽道断肠初，那堪肠已无。”面对义妓挥泪如雨，词人心中的痛无法抑制。结句“那堪肠已无”，是秦观泣血之语，包含着词人无数的新愁旧恨，是长时期压抑的情绪的爆发，也是他辛酸经历的总结，一颗受尽世事折磨的麻木痛苦的心跃然纸上。
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纳兰性德《
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菩萨蛮·催花未歇花奴鼓》
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晁补之《
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忆少年·别历下》
秦观简介
唐代·秦观的简介
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秦观（1049-1100）字太虚，又字少游，别号邗沟居士，世称淮海先生。汉族，北宋高邮（今江苏）人，官至太学博士，国史馆编修。秦观一 生坎坷，所写诗词，高古沉重，寄托身世，感人至深。秦观生前行踪所至之处，多有遗迹。如浙江杭州的秦少游祠，丽水的秦少游塑像、淮海先生祠、莺花亭；青田的秦学士祠；湖南郴州三绝碑；广西横县的海棠亭、醉乡亭、淮海堂、淮海书院等。秦观墓在无锡惠山之北粲山上，墓碑上书“秦龙图墓”几个大字。有秦家村、秦家大院以及省级文物保护单位古文游台。
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白云天际闲舒卷，却似摇摇行子心。云气有时还变灭，子心无日不登临。
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明代：
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