精列
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两汉]：曹操
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厥初生，造化之陶物，莫不有终期。
莫不有终期。圣贤不能免，何为怀此忧？
愿螭龙之驾，思想昆仑居。
思想昆仑居。见期于迂怪，志意在蓬莱。
志意在蓬莱。周孔圣徂落，会稽以坟丘。
会稽以坟丘。陶陶谁能度？君子以弗忧。
年之暮奈何，时过时来微。
精列译文及注释
译文
万物初生，化育万物，终始循环，难道大自然就没有终结的时候吗？
自然万物都有自己的终期，即使是古代的圣贤也不能避免，那为什么还要为生命走向尽头而担忧呢？
但愿那无角的螭龙能为我驾车，将我带到魂牵梦绕的昆仑山。
心里想着神仙居住的昆仑山，期望看到山上的神灵怪异。我还有一个心愿是到海上去看一看蓬莱仙山。
我最大的心愿是到蓬莱仙山求得长生啊。可是，品德高尚的周公和孔圣人也要死去。会稽山上的坟茔就埋葬着大禹这样伟大的君主。
大禹这样伟大的君主也埋葬在会稽山上。古往今来，有谁能度过漫长的岁月，永世长存呢？心胸旷达的人应该不会为死而感到担忧。
不知不觉中已到了垂暮之年，时间匆匆地过去，来日不多啊，这又有什么办法呢？
注释
精列：乐府旧题。精，指精神灵气，古人认为这是生命的本原。列，同裂，分解。精气分解指人的衰老或死亡。有人认为“精列”即鹡鸰，亦即精卫，也有人认为是精要之语的强调重列。
厥：其，此处指代万物。
造化：天地自然。陶物：即造就万物。陶，制作瓦器，引申为化育、造就、培养等。
何为：为何，为什么。
螭（chī）龙：传说中无角的龙。
昆仑：古代神话传说中的西方神山，被称为中国山脉的“太祖山”。有人认为此处昆仑暗指曹操寻得的风水宝地铧尖垴。
见期：期望见到。迂怪：神灵怪异。
志意：心愿。蓬莱：古代传说中的海上仙山名，是仙人居住的三座神山之一，亦常泛指仙境。另一说，西汉元光二年（前133），汉武帝东巡至蓬莱，望神山不遇，筑一座小城命名为“蓬莱”。 今山东省烟台市下辖有蓬莱市。有人认为曹操以昆仑、蓬莱之际暗指魏国疆土。
徂（cú）落：同“殂落”，死亡。
会（kuài）稽：此处指会稽山，位于浙江省绍兴市南部，是中国五大镇山之南镇。相传大禹东巡，在会稽山大会诸侯，病死后葬于会稽山。
陶（yáo）陶：漫长的意思。此指漫长的岁月。一说快乐的样子。度（duó）：估计，推测。
君子：指心胸宽广，有作为、有见识的人。弗：不。
时过：一作“过时”。微：少，微小。
参考资料：
1、张可礼 宿美丽 编选．曹操曹丕曹植集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：40-42
精列创作背景
从诗中“年之暮奈何，时过时来微”两句推测，此诗当作于曹操的晚年时期。曹操爱好音乐，今存他的诗歌全是乐府诗。有些诗歌有可能是即兴唱出的，内容时转时断时续，并没有经过严密的构思。这首诗就是这样。
参考资料：
1、张可礼 宿美丽 编选．曹操曹丕曹植集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：40-42
精列鉴赏
此诗为曹操游仙诗代表作，真实地反映了一代政治家曹操希望完成统一大业，而又无法挽留时光的感伤。
全诗大致可分四节。第一节六句，意谓自然造就的万物，包括贤能的圣人都难免死亡。死亡是必然的，不必为死亡而忧伤。但由于长生不死传说的影响，曹操又产生了幻想，于是接下去的第二节五句，由写现实的人间转写幻想的仙境，表现了对长寿的期望。但仙境毕竟是虚幻的，因此接着第三层六句，又转写现实的人间，写周公、孔子和大禹这样的圣人都死去了，说明没有人能够长生久存。明智者不必为生命短暂而忧伤。最后一节用两句诗收束，发出了“年之暮奈何”的感慨，表现了对生命的珍惜和对生命短暂的无奈。
晚年的曹操随着生命的流逝，越发感觉到自己的有生之年要完成统一大业的难度。这首诗写的是曹操对生命与神仙的思考。一方面，曹操也幻想着“螭龙之驾”，生活在“昆仑”、“蓬莱”之中；另一方面，他并没有沉湎于自己的幻想，而是清醒地知晓，神仙世界仅是幻想而已。因为“厥初生，造划之陶物，莫不有终期”，即使是圣人贤人也会死亡，没有任何人可以超越。因此曹操自我安慰说“君子以弗忧”。既然明白神仙世界是虚幻的，生命必然会走向终结，那么诗人就应该乐天知命，不服忧愁了吧？恰恰相反，理性的诗人对此的确明白，但他忧愁依旧。“忧”在诗中二度出现，“何为怀此忧”、“君子以弗忧”。忧愁其实一直伴随着诗人，并不以诗人的理性清醒而逃遁。“年之暮奈何，时过时来微”是晚年曹操心头永远的痛。此诗清晰真诚地袒露出晚年曹操的心理世界。这一心理世界，复杂而微妙。
曹操素怀统一华夏之志，但是，“造化之陶物，莫不有终期”，年已迟暮的曹操尚未完成他的事业，于是他想到要去昆仑、蓬莱寻求长生之术，来完成他未竟的事业。但是，正当他沉浸在陶陶快意的遐想中时，现实与期想的矛盾，又使他发出了“年之暮奈何，时过时来微”的感叹。
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司空图《
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诗品二十四则·含蓄》
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王安石《
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河北民》
曹操简介
唐代·曹操的简介
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曹操（155年－220年正月庚子），字孟德，一名吉利，小字阿瞒，沛国谯（今安徽亳州）人，汉族。东汉末年杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、书法家。三国中曹魏政权的缔造者，其子曹丕称帝后，追尊为武皇帝，庙号太祖。曹操精兵法，善诗歌，抒发自己的政治抱负，并反映汉末人民的苦难生活，气魄雄伟，慷慨悲凉；散文亦清峻整洁，开启并繁荣了建安文学，给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富，史称建安风骨，鲁迅评价其为“改造文章的祖师”。同时曹操也擅长书法，尤工章草，唐朝张怀瓘在《书断》中评其为“妙品”。
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宋代：
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许及之
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借得渔乡住，蟾光忽满轮。金波随短棹，银汉有通津。
几度中秋月，今宵自在身。一尊消得醉，眼底欠诗人。
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送张仲实之宜兴
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元代：
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杨载
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南渡邦初造，西山将独贤。立功何赫赫，流庆尚绵绵。
报国横戈数，登坛授钺专。风云方际会，江海固周旋。