初春济南作
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清代]：王士祯
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山郡逢春复乍晴，陂塘分出几泉清？
郭边万户皆临水，雪后千峰半入城。
初春济南作译文及注释
译文
春天阴晴多变，此时突然放晴，阳光下的池塘里流出一股股清凉的泉水。
济南素有“家家泉水，户户垂杨”之称。春雪过后城南千佛山的山影映入城中，无处不赏心悦目。
注释
山郡：指济南府。其城南多山，故称。
陂塘：池塘，此处特指济南城中的大明湖。
郭边：即城下。词句谓城下人家临泉而居。
半入城：济南城中有大明湖，千佛山在城南郊，山色倒映湖中，故称半入城。
初春济南作创作背景
顺治十二年（1655）初春时节，王士祯的长兄王士禄要去京师参加殿试，三哥王士诂到京师参加太学生廷试，王士祯则要到京师参加会试，于是，三人同赴京师，在赴京途中，王士祯在此路过济南历下，因看到泉城兼山郡极具特色的山秀水明的景致，心中十分喜悦，写下这首七绝。
参考资料：
1、刘书龙．历下人文·历下名人游踪（古代近卷）．山东：济南出版社，2014：117
2、周啸天．元明清名诗鉴赏．四川：四川人民出版社，2001：791
初春济南作鉴赏
前两句写济南初春雪后乍晴以及泉眼之多。“山郡逢春复乍晴”句，紧扣诗题，“山郡”点明济南是一座群山环绕的城市；“逢春”和“乍晴”是交待诗的具体形象所赖以产生的节候。续句“陂塘分出几泉清”，表现号称“泉城”的济南最典型的景色。济南城区，有七十二泉分布各处，春来冰雪消融，地下有充沛水源，于是处处泉眼都有清流汩汩涌出，泉水分流汇合城内城外，碧波荡漾，随地皆成陂塘。此句炼在“分”字，分而知泉眼之多，泉多水丰，故能形成陂塘池沼，这才成其为泉城。
后两句写大明湖清丽纯净的奇伟景象。“郭边万户皆临水”，是描写大明湖及趵突泉一带城区的特殊景观。在济南旧城的四沿（即诗所说的“郭边”）环绕着由珍珠泉、美蓉泉、王府池、趵突泉等七十二泉涌水所汇成的河流水域，其中北部的大明湖水域尤擅景观之胜，民户鳞次栉比，傍水而居，清流逶迤。房舍掩映，这是济南胜致。此句“临”字比较关键，它体现了泉水和居人自然地交织汇合的关系，以及这种关系所形成的美感。最后“雪后千峰半入城”句，是渲染春天乍降时，山郡济南所见。济南群山环绕，南有千佛山、四里山，北有卧牛山、华不注、鹊山等等，群山巍峙，层峦叠嶂，林木苍翠，钟灵毓秀。环城四顾，山色青冥，美不胜收。清人刘风诰有一联曾曰：“一城山色半城湖”，群山本不“入城”，因“雪后”看上去特别近，故有“千峰半入城”的错觉。比“一城山色”的写法，更有别趣。
这首七绝四句纯然写景，不露声色，景中饱含深情，情景交融，极富情致。无论是“逢春复乍晴”的好天气，还是潺潺而流的清泉，以及湖水中倒映的“雪后千峰”等，都包蕴着诗人对济南初春的审美喜悦，流荡着一种迷恋的情韵。
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和凝《
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春光好·蘋叶软》
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张九龄《
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春江晚景》
王士祯简介
唐代·王士祯的简介
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王士祯（1634—1711），原名王士禛，字子真、贻上，号阮亭，又号渔洋山人，人称王渔洋，谥文简。新城（今山东桓台县）人，常自称济南人，清初杰出诗人、学者、文学家。博学好古，能鉴别书、画、鼎彝之属，精金石篆刻，诗为一代宗匠，与朱彝尊并称。书法高秀似晋人。康熙时继钱谦益而主盟诗坛。论诗创神韵说。早年诗作清丽澄淡，中年以后转为苍劲。擅长各体，尤工七绝。但未能摆脱明七子摹古馀习，时人诮之为“清秀李于麟”，然传其衣钵者不少。好为笔记，有《池北偶谈》、《古夫于亭杂录》、《香祖笔记》等，然辨驳议论多错愕、失当。
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虎帐铜壶夜气清，羽林十万静无声。单于冬入残三辅，汉上秋成絷九营。
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宋代：
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商馆非闲地，闲人偶在旁。
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