醉太平·堂堂大元
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两汉]：佚名
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堂堂大元，奸佞专权。开河变钞祸根源，惹红巾万千。官法滥，刑法重，黎民怨。人吃人，钞买钞，何曾见。贼做官，官做贼，混贤愚。哀哉可怜！
醉太平·堂堂大元译文及注释
译文
堂堂大元朝，贪官污吏当权。河水泛滥成灾，新钞大量印造，货币迅速贬值，民不聊生，引起了红巾军千万人起义。苛捐杂税繁杂苛刻，刑法太重，百姓怨声载道。都到了人吃人的地步，钱换钱，什么时候见过这种情形？奸人做了官，做官的又都是贪官污吏，贤明的人得不到重用。悲哀啊真是可怜！
注释
堂堂大元：此曲见元末明初人陶宗仪《辍耕录》卷二十二。原注云：“《醉太平》小令一阙，不知谁所造。自京帅至江南，人人能道之。”堂堂，气象宏大庄严。
奸佞：巧言谄媚的坏人。指元末丞相托托、参议贾鲁等人。
开河：《续资治通鉴》记载：“至正十年（1330）十二月，右丞相托克托（即托托）慨然有志于事功。时河决五年不能塞……托克托请躬任其事，帝嘉纳之。……命贾鲁以工部尚书为总治河防使，发汴梁、大名等十三路民十五万，庐州等戍十八翼军二万，自黄陵冈南达白茅，放于黄固、哈齐等国。又自黄陵至杨村，合于故道，凡二百八十里有奇。”又《草木子》云：“朝廷所降食钱，官吏多不尽支放，河夫多怨。”
变钞：据《元史》《贡祖本纪》及《食货志》等记载，元朝建国起就用楮币（即氏币）；先后发“中统元宝交钞”、“中统元宝钞”、“至元宝钞”，又于至正十年（1350）另发“至正交钞”致使物价飞涨，民怨沸腾。
惹红巾万千：引起成千上万起义的红巾军。红巾军，元末农民起义军，用红巾裹头故名。
官法滥：指官吏贪污成风和拿钱买官。《草木子》记载：“元朝末年，官贪吏污……自秦王伯颜专政，台宪官皆偕价同而得，于是有司录风。上下贿赂，公行如市。”
人吃人：《草木子》：“元京饥穷，人相食。”
钞买钞：指钱钞贬值，用旧钞倒买新钞。
醉太平·堂堂大元创作背景
元朝末年，奸佞当权，朝政极端腐败。至正十一年(1351年)下令征调农民和兵士十几万人治理黄河。黄河两岸农民本已饱受灾荒之苦，到工地上又横遭监工的鞭打，被克扣口粮，个个无比愤怒。于是，“开河”和“变钞”就成为农民大起义的导火线，导致了红巾军起义的爆发。
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关汉卿《
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一枝花·不伏老》
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欧阳修《
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偃虹堤记》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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青门引 插菊
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陈永正
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微雨从西至。便有一番寒意。瓶中不逐众芳残，更谁能解，此日开无地。
含英忽值山河异。也费秋风泪。苍然还顾平楚，茫茫心事终难恃。
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得江西报六言十首
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宋代：
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刘克庄
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但见盈城盈野，谁能去食去兵。
山东河北卷土，江右湖南失耕。
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洞山十咏 其八 透瓶泉
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元代：
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岑安卿
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崖阴滴珠玑，清蓄鲛人泣。瓷罂汲新寒，满贮归须急。
外渗如方诸，中乾匪人吸。君看铅汞流，金铁犹漏湿。
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中秋赏月
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宋代：
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范纯仁
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碧落无云玉鉴飞，净中毫发了能窥。光随酒蚁斟银榼，彩莹歌人发瓠犀。
露重已从巾角垫，轮倾欲把斗杓携。醉狂直好探蟾窟，安得陵空万仞梯。
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用晦以三寸箧贮金字佛经咒二十余卷精工之甚感而赋谢
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明代：
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王世贞
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函端舍利发，知尔不成空。老眼粗能辨，僧翻未易终。
真文玄奘熟，梵字苑咸工。大类群龙藏，收来一钵中。
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答客
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：
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潘乐乐
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一榻昏昏睡起迟，去来如梦至今疑。才回江海千重浪，又对风云百变棋。
何处清宁堪著我，此生流转为哦诗。故人莫问升沉事，地僻花深卧不知。