艾如张
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唐代]：李贺
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锦襜褕，绣裆襦。
强饮啄，哺尔雏。
陇东卧穟满风雨，莫信笼媒陇西去。
齐人织网如素空，张在野田平碧中。
网丝漠漠无形影，误尔触之伤首红。
艾叶绿花谁剪刻？中有祸机不可测！
艾如张译文及注释
译文
披一身锦绣般的羽毛，一只多么令人喜爱的鸟。
努力地寻觅食物，把你巢中的小鸟喂饱。
田垄东边风大雨急，把禾穗吹倒，别到垄西去，不要听信笼媒鸟的鸣叫。
齐国人擅长织透明如空的罗网，那平原绿野的地方有罗网笼罩。
那网丝的形影难以看到，触上它会头破血流难以脱逃。
谁刻剪的艾叶绿花伪装网上多巧妙，里面藏着致祸的机关实难预料。
注释
艾如张：汉乐府旧题，属于铙歌十八曲。题目字义为：割除草木，张网捕鸟。
襜褕：对襟单衣。
裆襦：裤子。这两句用锦绣的衣服以比喻鸟的美丽羽毛。
雏：幼鸟.
卧穟：卧倒的庄稼。
笼媒：把鸟关在笼子里，用来诱捕别的鸟。
齐：今山东一带。相传齐人善于捕鸟捉鱼。素空：透明的天空。
平碧：平原碧野。
漠漠：广布的样子。
伤首红：伤害得头破血流。
艾叶绿花：指伪装在网上的花草。艾，蓬艾。草名。
参考资料：
1、闵泽平．李贺全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2015：193-195
2、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：166-168
艾如张创作背景
这首诗的写作时间不能确考，但从诗的内容感情来看，很有可能是应进士举被攻击之后创作的。有人认为这首诗当作于唐宪宗元和六年（811年）至八年（813年）李贺任职京师期间。
参考资料：
1、闵泽平．李贺全集汇校汇注汇评．武汉：崇文书局，2015：193-195
艾如张鉴赏
在古人的咏物诗中，有一些纯然吟咏客观事物的种种情状，而没有诗人的寄托寓意；但更多的是，“咏物”只是一种表现手法，诗中借物寄托着诗人深刻的寓意或者感慨。后者与现代的寓言诗很相似。李贺这首《艾如张》就是这样的作品。
这首诗会令人感到十分诧异：一位二十多岁的青年人，竟然会对社会上险恶机诈有如此深刻的认识。他深邃的政治眼光和卓越的见识使读者深感佩服。全诗通过对小鸟要警惕捕鸟人的机巧的劝告，写出了人世的险恶不测，表达了诗人对险恶奸诈现实的憎恶。
诗中首先刻画鸟儿的美丽可爱。用“锦”“绣”的衣服来形容鸟儿羽毛，这是非常美丽的鸟。羽毛五彩缤纷，鲜艳夺目，光彩照人。诗人GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>用人的衣服作比喻，使读者更容易在脑中形成鲜明的形象。“强饮啄”四句，是对小鸟劝告的第一层意思：努力寻找食物哺育自己的小幼雏吧。东边的稻田里禾穗倒伏，可以够你寻找食物了，虽然在东边的田垄去寻找食物要经受风风雨雨的侵袭，但你千万不要听信笼媒的呼唤，飞到西边的田垄去。这一规劝，寄寓着诗人自己沉痛的教训于其中。日常生活似乎总是不能满足人的理想要求，于是就总是想另外找一种自己理想的生活。这种追寻往往适得其反，使自己陷入险恶的境地。“齐人织网”四句具体描绘了网雀的险恶，齐人的网洁白透明，无形无影，看不见，但又实在存在，它张在野外田垄上，在平坦的草地上，加上伪装，表面上红花绿叶，那么美丽诱人，但实质上却是阴森的陷阱机关。一旦小鸟触及那无影无形的网，就会碰得头破血流，伤痕累累。这里把捕鸟的机诈设施写得十分生动，读之使人产生一种恐惧心理。最后两句点明了祸机四伏，深不可测的诡谲奸诈境界，以总结全篇。那绿叶红花，竟是人们装饰祸机的伪装。
诗人怀着强烈的憎恶感情来描绘张网捕鸟的险恶居心，这当然不只是抨击捕鸟，而是借此抨击现实的险恶。现实也就像一张无形无影的网，由一些奸佞小人设置起来，引诱着一些天真善良的人们触网受伤。这些奸佞小人用意险恶，居心叵测，使人们防不胜防，一不小心就落入他们毫无形迹的网中，受伤了还不知道是怎么样受伤的。诗人对现实的认识是相当深刻的，捕鸟的描述，只是他对现实认识的变形反映。
这首诗写出这网一般的人世，到处是机巧的陷阱，到处是张着的网，使人们碰得头破血流。这是诗人被弹归之后进一步思考得出的深刻结论。
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刘克庄《
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筑城行》
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晁补之《
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临江仙·信州作》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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蒲宗孟
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想到零陵日，高歌足解颜。乡闾接营道，风物近庐山。
万石今兴废，三亭谁往还。不知零与永，二郡孰安閒。