筑城行
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宋代]：刘克庄
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万夫喧喧不停杵，杵声丁丁惊后土。
遍村开田起窑灶，望青斫木作楼橹。
天寒日短工役急，白棒诃责如风雨。
汉家丞相方忧边，筑城功高除美官。
旧时广野无城处，而今烽火列屯戌。
君不见高城齾齾如鱼鳞，城中萧疏空无人。
筑城行译文及注释
译文
众人扰攘纷杂的筑城，不敢停下手中筑土的木锤。
木锤筑土的叮叮声都似乎惊动了大地之母后土。
众多村落里所有的农田都用来烧窑。
所见的全部树木都砍来做瞭望高台。
天气寒冷的冬日白天短，工程进展却越发迅速。
监工酷吏手挥棍棒，口吐恶言犹如暴风雨般猛烈。
因为汉族的丞相方忧虑边疆，
所以筑城的官员功劳很大获得了升迁。
昔日那空旷的原野上没有城池的地方，
现在却是狼烟燃起，排列着戍边将士。
你没见那那高大的城池参差起伏，如同鱼鳞般密集。
但城池之中却已萧条荒凉，空无一人。
注释
杵：筑土的木锤。
楼橹：古代用以瞭望敌情的无顶盖的木制高台。
齾齾：参差不齐的样子。
萧疏：稀疏冷落。
参考资料：
1、缪钺 等．宋词鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：1266-1267
2、作品译文和创作背景由绵羊爱琪琪提供
筑城行创作背景
南宋后期，政治更加黑暗，国势江河日下，金人占领的淮河以北地区始终不曾收复，又逐渐受到崛起漠北的蒙古的入侵。作者关心祖国命运，但在政治上却屡受打击，被贬斥出守外郡。诗人在出守外郡的途中经过边疆，目睹了人民因官府强迫筑城而致家破人亡的景象，心中激愤不已，因此写下了这首著名的诗。
参考资料：
1、作品译文和创作背景由绵羊爱琪琪提供
筑城行鉴赏
这是一首揭露黑暗现实，对人民疾苦表示同情的诗。在腐朽的官僚统治下，好事亦会变成坏事。这里所写的“筑城”就是一例。筑城本是为了保卫人民，战争年代就更应如此。可是实际情况却是变保民为扰民、害民。
诗的前六句描绘筑城情景。诗人首先从听觉角度着笔，描绘出人声、杵声交杂的筑城景象。前两句使用顶针句式，上递下接，造成了一种连绵的气势。使人感到声声相连，不得停息。于是，后面“惊后土”三字才真实、自然、有着落。然后又从视觉角度着笔，描绘烧窑、斫木的情景，用了“遍村”、“望青”四字，村里所有的农田都用来烧窑，所有的树木都砍来做楼橹，一幅全民动员的情景历历如绘。以上四句还只是一些现象，五六两句，诗人的笔触又深入一层。“工役急”，一个“急”字，引出了下一句“白棒诃责如风雨”，把手持棍棒，口吐恶言的监工酷吏，刻画的凶相毕露。这样大张旗鼓的筑城，究竟是否出于安全的考虑？如果确是这样即使苛责太甚也情有可原了。然而诗人告诉人们：原来，这个筑城运动是赖以“除美官”的手段。仅仅两句诗，无一贬词，而官僚政治的腐败，地方官吏的假公济私，却十足的勾画出来了，真是入骨三分，足见诗人眼光的敏锐，这两句是全诗主题思想的点睛之笔，不仅在思想内容上使全诗生色，在结构上也起着上下勾连的作用。
诗的最后四句，意在描写筑城带来的后果妙在借题寄意，不着议论。诗人把他金刚怒目的强烈感情，完全融入四句对比鲜明的景物描写中去：昔日无城的广野，而今屯戍林立——这是写由“无”变“有”；然而只见高城鳞次栉比，却不见城中之人——这是写由“有”变“无”。筑城本是要保卫人民的，而今却无民可保了。人呢？那筑城的、烧窑的、斫木作楼橹的“万夫”哪里去了？远徙他乡了？布，筑城时不迁移，城筑好了哪有迁徙之理？原来是在“白棒诃责”之下，困顿而死了！那齾齾高城，正是筑城者的尸骨垒成；而筑城官员正可以借此邀功，加官进爵了，至于万民的死活，管他作甚！诗人的愤激之情，至此喷薄而出。
在诗中，诗人不发一句议论，全用事实说话，事实胜于雄辩，最有说服力。这首诗鞭笞的不仅仅是筑城的地方官员。那“忧边”的丞相，不管有无需要，不顾人民死活，只要筑城就给以奖掖提拔，虽无一贬词，却也昏庸可见了。
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晁补之《
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刘克庄简介
唐代·刘克庄的简介
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刘克庄(1187～1269) 南宋诗人、词人、诗论家。字潜夫，号后村。福建莆田人。宋末文坛领袖，辛派词人的重要代表，词风豪迈慷慨。在江湖诗人中年寿最长，官位最高，成就也最大。晚年致力于辞赋创作，提出了许多革新理论。
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