菩萨蛮·满宫明月梨花白
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唐代]：温庭筠
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满宫明月梨花白，故人万里关山隔。金雁一双飞，泪痕沾绣衣。
小园芳草绿，家住越溪曲。杨柳色依依，燕归君不归。
菩萨蛮·满宫明月梨花白译文及注释
译文
洒满庭中的月光啊，像院里的梨花一样白，你可照见我那思念的人儿么，相隔万里多少关塞。绣衣上一双金雁展翅欲飞，泪湿罗衫时更愁欢情难再。
看小园绿草凄凄，想起故乡弯弯的越溪。杨柳轻舞着依依春情，春燕归来带着无边的春意。燕归人却不归来，不知何时才能与他相聚。
注释
1、菩萨蛮：词牌名，原唐教坊曲。又名“子夜歌”“重叠金”“花溪碧”“晚云烘日”等。上下片各四句，均为两仄韵，两平韵
2、满宫：犹“满室”。《尔雅·释官》：“宫谓之室，室谓之宫。”《释文》：“古者贵贱同称官，秦汉以来，惟王者所居称宫焉。”这里用“宫”字的古义。
3、故人：友人。孟浩然《过故人庄》：“故人具鸡黍，邀我至田家。”这里实指远人。
4、金雁：指绣衣上的图案，此指远方亲人来函。古人有鸿雁传书的说法。
5、“家住”句：以西施自况。越溪：水名，即若耶溪。在今浙江省境内，相传西施曾在此溪中浣纱。曲：弯曲幽深的地方。
6、依依：轻柔的样子。君：指远离家乡之男子。一说，指宫女。燕：雪本作“雁”。
参考资料：
1、邱美琼，胡建次编著．温庭筠词全集 汇校汇注汇评：崇文书局，2015.08：第16页
菩萨蛮·满宫明月梨花白创作背景
这首词具体创作年代不详。这首《菩萨蛮》描述的是一位思念边塞守关将士的思妇。温庭筠的词中描写歌舞伎女、嫔妃宫女的次数比较多，为守关将士的妻子掬一把同情泪的时候较少。但在晚唐时期，同家动乱，边疆常犯骚乱，众多将二七在边疆戍守打仗常年不归，他们和家人两地远隔，彼此思念却终年无法团聚的状况已经成为一种社会现象。早在出塞时，这种景象就深深地印在了温庭筠的脑海里，他也曾为这些将士写下《寒塞行》：“心许凌烟名不灭，年年锦字伤离别。彩毫一画竟何荣，空使青楼泪成血。”如今在长安生活多年，他又亲眼看见这些戍守边关将士们的家人的生活状况，忍不住再为他们写下词作。
参考资料：
1、丁龙．唐诗是一曲风流 温庭筠诗传：时事出版社，2015：184
菩萨蛮·满宫明月梨花白鉴赏
词写闺中女子怀人念远情事。此词上片写宫廷光景，明月相照，梨花盛开，正是初春季节。开首一句，既点明时当春夜，又有“花好月圆”之意。然而词人笔锋一转，下句说远人被“万里关山”所“隔”和金雁双飞，则月圆而人不圆，自然兴起下两句弹筝寄意而泪沾绣衣，其情与景的对比格外鲜明强烈。一往情深的思念，镕铸在这两句中。
下片女子以越女西施自况，西施虽然色美，又当芳草又绿，杨柳依依，其奈“燕归人不归”。让人想起《诗经·小雅·采薇》中“昔我往矣，杨柳依依”的名句。寂寞和惆怅，又在言外。
这是一首宫词，章法颇为别致。上阕写长年封闭在深宫的宫女寂寞和对家乡游伴的思念；下阕变换角度，从对面看来，谓春天又来到她的家乡，可是她却再不能回归，徒然引动对乡中故人的思念。全篇于清绮流丽中弥漫着深长的伤感意味，虽不作激烈情绪迸发语，但自能以真切浓挚的怨思动人。
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流夜郎题葵叶》
温庭筠简介
唐代·温庭筠的简介
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温庭筠（约812—866）唐代诗人、词人。本名岐，字飞卿，太原祁（今山西祁县东南）人。富有天才，文思敏捷，每入试，押官韵，八叉手而成八韵，所以也有“温八叉”之称。然恃才不羁，又好讥刺权贵，多犯忌讳，取憎于时，故屡举进士不第，长被贬抑，终生不得志。官终国子助教。精通音律。工诗，与李商隐齐名，时称“温李”。其诗辞藻华丽，秾艳精致，内容多写闺情。其词艺术成就在晚唐诸词人之上，为“花间派”首要词人，对词的发展影响较大。在词史上，与韦庄齐名，并称“温韦”。存词七十余首。后人辑有《温飞卿集》及《金奁集》。
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