金桥感事
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唐代]：吴融
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太行和雪叠晴空，二月郊原尚朔风。
饮马早闻临渭北，射雕今欲过山东。
百年徒有伊川叹，五利宁无魏绛功？
日暮长亭正愁绝，哀笳一曲戍烟中。
金桥感事鉴赏
诗一开头就把太行山的景色写得雄伟壮美：皑皑白雪覆盖着巍巍太行，重峦叠嶂，高耸在晴朗的天空。红日、白雪、蓝天，色彩鲜明，宛若浮雕。时令已是早春二月，莽莽郊原依然是北风狂舞，寒意料峭。一个“尚”字，用得极妙，写出了诗人的心境和感触。目之所见，体之所感，丝毫没有春意。景色之美，气候之寒，更衬出诗人心中的悲凉。两句为下面的“感事”，渲染了气氛。
颔、颈两联，一连串用了四个历史典故，委婉含蓄地表达了诗人对当时政治形势的认识和感叹。
“饮马”，是用《左传》故事。公元前579年，晋楚战争中，楚军骄横狂妄，扬言“饮马于河（黄河）而归”。这里比喻李克用有“饮马于河”的军事野心。因为李克用的军队，早在公元883年（中和三年）与黄巢作战时，就已打进过帝都长安，故说“饮马早闻临渭北”。“射雕”，用了北齐斛律光射落雕鸟的故事。“雕”是一种鸷鸟，猛健善飞，不易射得。这里用斛律光的英勇善射，暗喻实力强大的李克用将要采取大规模军事行动。“山东”指太行山以东地区。这句是说李军正蓄谋打过太行山。
颈联笔锋一转，由述古喻今进而抒感言怀。诗人没有直抒胸臆，仍然是借用典故来表达。“百年”句用了周朝辛有的故事。周平王迁都洛阳时，大夫辛有在伊水附近看到一个披发的人在野外祭祀。披发是戎族的风俗习惯，辛有据此预言这地方必将沦为戎人居住。辛有死后，戎人果然迁居于伊水之滨。诗人在藩镇割据的混战中，预感到唐王朝必将灭亡。他不可能直陈其事，但又不能不说，所以用辛有的典故，巧妙地抒发了对国家命运的忧虑。辛有的预言生前无人理睬，死后却备受赞叹，这根本没有作用。肺腑之言，泻于毫端。尽管个人不能挽狂澜于既倒，但诗人仍希望皇上采用古时魏绛的方法，以期收到“五利”之功。魏绛是春秋时晋悼公的大夫。晋国所在地的山西，是个汉、戎杂居的地方，民族间经常发生战争。魏绛曾建议用“和戎”方式解决矛盾，他认为“和戎”有“五利”，晋悼公采用了魏绛的主张，因此收到“修民事，田以时”的政治效果。这句，通过肯定魏绛，婉转地批判了唐王朝这次对李克用的用兵。
用典，是古典诗中常用的一种形象化的手法。一首诗中过多地用典，往往会弄得诗意晦涩难明。《金桥感事》虽连用数典，却不觉难懂。诗人正是在曲折变化中，贴切地表达了难以直言之隐旨，把抽象的感情变得形象化、具体化了，题旨亦因之更为突出、鲜明。
尾联：“日暮长亭正愁绝，哀笳一曲戍烟中”，以情景交融之笔结束全诗。夕阳西沉，长亭遥对，哀笳一曲，戍烟四起，在这般战乱凄凉的环境中，一位“惊时感事俱无奈”（见其《重阳日荆州作》）的诗人，独自忧愁、感伤。胡笳，是一种乐器，可以表达喜怒哀乐等不同的感情。这里用一“哀”字状胡笳声，不仅把客观世界的声音同诗人主观世界的感情有机地结合起来，而且暗示着这次战争的失败，必将给百姓带来更大的灾难。“戍烟”，戍楼的烽烟，与在太平时节的缭绕炊烟全然不同，给人一种动乱不安的感觉。二句十四字，把情、景、事，声、色、形，熔铸于一炉，真是极尽精炼概括之能事。
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俞桂《
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送人之松江》
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蒋贻恭《
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咏蚕》
吴融简介
唐代·吴融的简介
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吴融，唐代诗人。字子华，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人。吴融生于唐宣宗大中四年（850），卒于唐昭宗天复三年（903），享年五十四岁。他生当晚唐后期，一个较前期更为混乱、矛盾、黑暗的时代，他死后三年，曾经盛极一时的大唐帝国也就走入历史了，因此，吴融可以说是整个大唐帝国走向灭亡的见证者之一。
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