柳州寄丈人周韶州
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唐代]：柳宗元
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越绝孤城千万峰，空斋不语坐高舂。
印文生绿经旬合，砚匣留尘尽日封。
梅岭寒烟藏翡翠，桂江秋水露鰅鳙。
丈人本自忘机事，为想年来憔悴容。
柳州寄丈人周韶州译文及注释
译文
地处越绝之境的柳州，只见山峰万千，连绵不断。
我整日坐在空荡荡的书屋，沉默不语，愁绪难奈。
那官印经久不用已生绿霉，砚盒也久不磨墨被尘土遮盖。
遥望韶州方面的梅岭，如藏在烟雾之中的翡翠，近看秋日的柳州河水，偶尔可见怪鱼鰅鳙浮上来。
老朋友啊，千万不要任性为人行事，而忘掉了机巧权变，想想我如此凄然寂寞，当以为戒。
注释
①柳州：今广西柳州。
②丈人：岳父。
③越绝：越之绝境。
④舂（chōng）：用杵臼捣去谷物的皮壳。
⑤印文：印泥。
⑥经旬：指很长时间。旬，十日为一旬。
⑦砚匣：放现台的匣子。
⑧尽日：犹终日，整天。
⑨梅岭：即大度岭，在江西、广东两省边境。
⑩桂江：西江支流。
⑪鰅（yú）鳙（yōng）：两种鱼，鰅一种表面有斑纹的鱼，鳙也称胖头鱼，都属鲶鱼的一种。
⑫忘机：泯除机心，指一种消极无为，淡泊宁静的心境。
⑬为想：可以想想。
⑭憔悴：黄瘦，瘦损。
参考资料：
1、范凤驰．新选唐诗精华．北京：中国文联出版社，2000：254-255
柳州寄丈人周韶州创作背景
从“为想年来憔悴容”句推测，这首诗当作于元和十一年（816年）。柳宗元因“二王八司马”案被贬岭南，虽然不似在狱，但也有人监视。他和友人之间不能通信，更不能见面，只有在苦闷中度日。正是在这种情景寂寞的情况下，柳宗元写下了这首《柳州寄丈人周韶州》。
参考资料：
1、范凤驰．新选唐诗精华．北京：中国文联出版社，2000：254-255
柳州寄丈人周韶州鉴赏
首句点出贬地之远，正符合诗人初到柳州的心境。本以为在永州十年等待而来的诏返，可以让自己再展宏图，未想到反被迁往更加远离中原的南荒之地，所以“趣绝”、“孤城”、“千万峰”，组合成叠相交加的荒远、隔高的空间意象，反映了他最直觉最敏锐的心理感受，处于这样的荒山远岭中，即使身为地方刺史，也如同被抛弃，于是，其寂寞之情随笔福来：“空斋不语坐高舂”，一“空”、一“不语”，直陈孤独之况。接下来写官事冷清、环境险恶，进一步铺叙其寂寞、忧恐之情。在荒州为官，穷极无聊，印不用而生绿、砚长不磨而生尘，已见常寂难耐，而环顾山水，又常有异鸟、怪物出没在视野里，其忧惧之情可以想像。最后两句寄塑对方，希望得到关心理解，诗人意谓：“丈人您是个清心寡欲的高士，可我不若您之机事尽忘，优游自适，您大概会想到我这个远谪绝域之人一年来憔悴成什么样子了吧。”言外极其孤独，极其苍凉。
柳宗元七律大多作于柳州，虽不多，但情感皆哀而酸楚，艺术亦精绝工致。此诗起句引出寂寞之情，中间展开具体景况铺写，结句画龙点晴，以“憔悴容”回照全篇，结构可谓浑然。
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韩偓《
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安贫》
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李贺《
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马诗二十三首》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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明代：
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