浣溪沙·凤髻抛残秋草生
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清代]：纳兰性德
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凤髻抛残秋草生，高梧湿月冷无声。当时七夕记深盟。
信得羽衣传钿合，悔教罗袜葬倾城。人间空唱雨淋铃。
浣溪沙·凤髻抛残秋草生译文及注释
译文
凤髻散乱，枯黄的秋草到处生长。天上的月亮给人湿润的感觉，好像哭过一般，冰冷没有声息。当年每逢七夕之夜，我们都在月下互诉着山盟海誓。而今，只剩我一个人伴着寒月哭泣。
原来相信仙人可以传递亡妻的信物，但后悔的是她的遗物都与她一同埋葬了。亡妻已逝，如今唯有自己空自怅痛了，凭吊美好的曾经。
注释
浣溪沙：唐教坊曲名，因春秋时期人西施浣纱于若耶溪而得名，后用作词牌名，又名“浣溪纱”“小庭花”等。此调有平仄两体。全词分上下两片，上片三句全用韵，下片末二句用韵，过片二句用对偶句的居多。音节明快，句式整齐，易于上口，为婉约派与豪放派多数词人所常用。
凤髻（jì）抛残：谓凤髻散乱。比喻为爱妻逝去，掩埋了。凤髻：古代女子的一种发型。唐宇文氏《妆台记》载：“周文王于髻上加珠翠翘花，傅之铅粉，其髻高名曰凤髻。”此处借指亡妻。
湿月：湿润之月。形容月亮给人以湿润的感觉。
羽衣：原指鸟羽毛所织之衣，后代指道士或神仙所著之衣，此处借指神仙。钿（diàn）合：镶有金、银、玉、贝等之首饰合。古代常以之作为表示爱情的信物。白居易《长恨歌》：“唯将旧物表深情，钿合金钗寄将去。”
罗袜：丝罗织成之袜。此处代指亡妻的遗物。倾城，美女之代称，语出《汉书·外戚传上·李夫人》。这里代指亡妻。
雨淋铃：即雨霖铃。唐教坊曲名。据唐郑处诲《唐明皇杂录补遗》云：“明皇既幸蜀，西南行初入斜谷，属霖雨涉旬，于栈道雨中闻铃，音与山相应。上既悼念贵妃，采其声为《雨霖铃》曲，以寄恨焉。”这里是说亡妻已逝，如今唯有自己空自怅痛了。
参考资料：
1、张秉戍．纳兰词笺注：北京出版社，2000.4：146-147
2、（清）纳兰性德著；田萍注解．纳兰词全集鉴赏：中国画报出版社，2013.04：第129页
浣溪沙·凤髻抛残秋草生创作背景
纳兰性德的妻子卢氏亡于康熙年间，纳兰因此精神上受到极大的打击，为了表达对亡妻的怀念与哀思，故作下此词。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著；田萍注解．纳兰词全集鉴赏：中国画报出版社，2013.04：第129页
浣溪沙·凤髻抛残秋草生鉴赏
这是一首悼亡之作。词中借唐明皇与杨贵妃之典故，将其对亡妻绵绵无尽的怀念与深邃哀思流畅地表达出来了。
首句“凤髻抛残秋草生”言妻子逝世。“凤髻”指古代女子的一种发型。唐宇文氏《妆台记》载：“周文王于髻上加珠翠翘花，傅之铅粉，其髻高名曰凤髻。”“凤髻抛残”，是说爱妻已凄然逝去，掩埋入土，她的坟头，秋草已生，不甚萧瑟。“高梧湿月冷无声”句描绘了一幅无限凄凉的月景。妻子去后，作者神思茕茕，而梧桐依旧，寒月皎皎，湿润欲泪，四处阴冷，一片阒寂。临此寞寞落落之景，作者不禁想起七夕时的深盟。据陈鸿《长恨歌传》云：天宝十载，唐玄宗与杨玉环在骊山避暑，适逢七月七日之夕。玉环独与玄宗“凭肩而立，因仰天感牛女事，密相誓心，愿世世为夫妇。”“当时七夕记深盟”句即用玄宗杨妃之事来自比，言自己和妻子也曾像李杨一般发出“梧桐相待老，鸳鸯会双死”的旦旦信誓。
下片尽言悼亡之情。“信得”两句亦用李杨典故以自指。据陈鸿《长恨歌传》，安史之乱后，唐玄宗复归长安，对杨贵妃思怀沉痛不已，遂命道士寻觅，后道士访得玉环，玉环则“指碧衣取金钿合，各析其半，授使者（指道士）。曰：‘为谢太上皇，谨献是物，寻旧好也。’”此处作者的意思是说，来相信道士可以传递亡妻的信物，但后悔的是她的遗物都与她一同埋葬了，因此就不能如玄宗一般，“唯将旧物表深情，钿合金钗寄将去”。此言一出，即谓两人之间已完全阴阳相隔，不能再幽情相传，一腔心曲，再也无法共叙。于是只能“人间空唱雨淋铃”。“人间空唱雨淋铃”，作者用此语，意谓亡妻已逝，滚滚红尘，茫茫人间，如今唯有自己空自怅痛了。一句“人间空唱雨淋铃”，悲恻凄绝，哀伤怆”，唱出了纳兰字字泣血的心声，如寡妇夜哭，缠绵幽咽，不能终听。
全词婉丽凄清，没有矫揉造作的成分，真挚深切令人读罢不禁黯然神伤。
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梅尧臣《
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悼亡三首》
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纳兰性德《
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采桑子·海天谁放冰轮满》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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答卢式
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明代：
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皇甫汸
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王风寖失古，颓波荡自今。李生陈大雅，刘子抱文心。
弱余振鸿藻，高义抗词林。归田守玄默，闭关谢沉吟。