哀郢二首
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宋代]：陆游
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远接商周祚最长，北盟齐晋势争强。
章华歌舞终萧瑟，云梦风烟旧莽苍。
草合故宫惟雁起，盗穿荒冢有狐藏。
离骚未尽灵均恨，志士千秋泪满裳。
荆州十月早梅春，徂岁真同下阪轮。
天地何心穷壮士，江湖从古著羁臣。
淋漓痛饮长亭暮，慷慨悲歌白发新。
欲吊章华无处问，废城霜露湿荆榛。
哀郢二首创作背景
公元1170年（乾道六年）出任夔州（今四川奉节）通判。初夏，他从家乡出发，沿长江西上入蜀，九月过荆州（今湖北江陵）。此地为战国时楚故都郢，他触景生情，怀古伤今，遂向慕屈子，慷慨悲歌，以屈原《哀郢》为题，写了两首七律，以抒发自己炽烈的爱国情怀。
哀郢二首鉴赏
第一首从回顾楚国兴起和发展的历史着笔，与其衰落败亡的结局以及今日遗址荒芜的景象，作强烈的对比。是说楚国远承商周二代的王业，国统由来久长，在发展鼎盛时期，曾和齐晋结盟，对抗强秦。楚原是商的属国，后至周，又被周成王正式封为诸侯国。因此可以说“是远接商周祚最长”了。“祚”，指王统。
第二联顺接上联意，写楚国最终由盛而衰，以至为秦所灭。“章华歌舞终萧瑟”，写的便是这种历史的结局。“章华”，即章华台，楚国离宫，旧址有几处，此当指沙市之豫章台。当年章华台上的歌舞，早已萧索寂寥了，但是，“云梦风烟旧莽苍”：楚地著名的云梦泽，气象依旧，风烟迷蒙，阔大苍茫。这里，诗人以章华歌舞之短暂映照云梦风烟之永恒，产生强烈对比，抒发物是人非之感叹，揭示出历史发展之无情。
第三联由历史的回顾转为对眼前景象的描写：当年郢都宫殿旧址，如今已野草滋蔓，唯见雁群时时飞起；早已被盗掘的荒坟野冢，如今成了狐兔藏身之所。这景象是多么凄凉败落，它既是诗人眼前所见之景，又是当年楚国衰亡的象征。而导致楚国衰亡的原因，正是屈原在《离骚》中所尖锐指出的，贵族蒙蔽君王，嫉贤还能，朋比为奸惑乱国政。这一历史的教训，使得千秋仁人志士莫不感到感慨万分，热泪沾裳。末联是诗人对楚之衰亡所作的结论，也是全诗主旨之所在。“灵均”是屈原的字，“灵均恨”，既是屈原在《离骚》中所无法尽情宣泄的家国无穷之恨，也是陆游在这首诗中所要表达的与屈原共命之叹。
第一首以议论起笔，以抒情落笔，中间两联写景，情寓于景。第二首则首尾写景，中间抒情，情因景而发。第一联：“荆州”，即指郢都；“徂岁”，犹言过去的岁月；“下阪轮”，即下坡的车轮，这里用以形容流光迅速。此联是说荆州十月便是早梅初开的小阳春气候了，时光的流逝的感慨，这是一个胸怀大志、迫切要求报国效命的志士的感慨，是在对自然界客观规律的认识中包含着对人事代谢现象的探寻。第二联由对屈原的怀想而抒发对古往今来仁人志士壮志难酬的愤慨，这是伤古，又是悼今。“天地何心穷壮士？江湖自古著羁臣。”写得极为沉重。是啊，天行有常，何曾有导致壮士途穷困厄之心；自古以来，皆因人事之非，以致多少像屈原这样的贞臣节士去国离乡，放逐江湖。这一切怎不令人顿生怨愤，非淋漓痛饮焉能排遣，非慷慨悲歌何以发泄。诗的第三联正是表达这样一种感情。但是，诗人心中那报国无门的怨愤和苦闷是无法解脱的，所以“淋漓痛饮”于长亭薄暮之中，更显孤独；“慷慨悲歌”于白发初生之际，自增惆怅。这种心情只有泽畔行吟的屈原可以与之相通，美人迟暮悲今古，一瓣心香吊屈平。但眼前却是末联勾画出的这种荆榛满地、霜露侵入的惨淡景象，深深地印在诗人的心上，也引起读者的沉思。
陆游的优秀诗篇大都回荡着爱国激情。在这组诗中，诗人的一纸诗情，又是通过郢都古今盛衰的强烈对比来表现的，并且借屈原的千古遗恨来抒发自己的爱国之情。杨万里说陆游诗“尽拾灵均怨句新”（《跋陆务观剑诗稿》），正可概括这首诗的特色，读后，确如朱熹所云：“令人三叹不能自已。”（《答徐载叔赓》）公元年1178（淳熙五年）五月，陆游又写了《楚城》：“江上荒城猿鸟悲，隔江便是屈原祠。一千五百年间事，只有滩声似旧时。”皆抒发同一感慨。
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李白《
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田园言怀》
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释仲殊《
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京口怀古二首·其二》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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宋代：
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空碧升团月，江郊弄夕霏。
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打窗落叶声萧瑟。寒气灯前逼。病来诗思已无聊。添得这般情景、助魂销。
霜鸿阵阵飞何急。岂有愁难说。一番疏雨一番风。知否有人憔悴、小楼中。
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宋代：
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楼钥
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漕台生处寝之床，丛桂还分一叶芳。
红药阶边怀老谢，桃花观里忆刘郎。