田园言怀
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唐代]：李白
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贾谊三年谪，班超万里侯。
何如牵白犊，饮水对清流。
田园言怀译文及注释
译文
贾谊急于仕进被贬到长沙三年，班超离家万里才封了个定远侯。
这怎能比得上牵着白牛犊的巢父，饮水于清清的河流！
注释
⑴《汉书》：贾谊为长沙傅，三年，有鵩鸟飞入谊舍，止于坐隅。谊既以谪居长沙，长沙卑湿，谊自伤悼，以为寿不得长，乃为赋以自广。
⑵《后汉书》：班超行诣相者，曰：“祭酒，布衣诸生耳，而当封侯万里之外。”超问其状，相者指曰：“生燕颔虎头，飞而食肉，此万里侯相也。”后使西域，西域五十余国悉皆纳质内属，封超为定远侯。
⑶《淮南子》：“宋人好善者家，无故黑牛生白犊。”
⑷《高士传》：许由，尧召为九州长，由不欲闻之。洗耳于颖滨。时其友巢父牵犊欲饮之，见由洗耳，问其故，对曰：“尧欲召我为九州长，恶闻其声，是故洗耳。”巢父曰：“子若处高岸深谷，人道不通，谁能见子？子故浮游，欲闻求其名誉，污吾犊口。”牵犊上流饮之。诗意谓仕宦而不得志如贾谊一流，得志如班超一流，皆羁旅异方，不如巢、许隐居独乐，安步田园之为善也，其旨深矣。
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：916-917
田园言怀创作背景
从诗中“贾谊三年谪”来看，当亦白帝遇赦东归后在湖南盘桓期间所作，姑系于乾元二年（759）。该诗通过对贾谊、班超命运的对比，流露出李白晚年对出处进退的看法。
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：916-917
田园言怀鉴赏
他在《乞归疏》中写道，“但愿生入玉门关”。“何如”、“饮水”两句用的是尧让君位于巢父和许由的典故。相传尧要把君位让给巢父，巢父拒绝接受；尧把君位再让给许由，许由听后跑到颖水边洗耳，认为耳朵听到这个消息受到了玷污。此时，巢父正好牵牛饮水，巢父听说许由洗耳的原因后，认为洗耳的水受到污染，牛也不能喝，于是把牛牵到上游去饮水。多清高脱俗的两个人！贾谊、班超一文一武，文有惊世鸿文，武有治国之功，但一个英年早逝，一个有家难回，这都是当官害了他们。许由、巢父不是没有君临天下的机会，更不是没有为官作长的素质，但他们都识透玄机，不入官场，不求功名，不沾利禄，无牵无挂，乐做田园之隐士，远避祸灾，逍遥自得，牵白犊饮清流，与贾谊、班超截然不同。李白终生都想从政，在此时似乎终于感悟到了。
无论写自己归隐，或者劝人退后致仕，大多缠结在深山烟霞、野水瞑迷之间，生活则亦渔亦樵，且吟且醉。本诗却是借历史作比照：或则才调绝伦而沉论不遇如贾谊；或则象少时便有“挟长风、破万里浪”的大志，虽博得封侯万里而终抱未能生归玉门的隐痛的班超；前者悒郁而早夭；后者虽勉尽天年而仍不免遗恨。这样看来，倒不如学古高士许由、巢父那样躬亲耕种，凿井自饮，高居清流，乐其生死。既不以形骸为役；也不让心神徒劳来得自在呢！——以太白自由解放的灵魂看，这恐怕也正是他一向笑傲王侯、卑视卿相的素怀吧！
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李贺《
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王濬墓下作》
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陆游《
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哀郢二首》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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