狱中对月
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明代]：宋琬
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疏星耿耿逼人寒，清漏丁丁画角残。
客泪久从悉外尽，月明犹许醉中看。
栖乌绕树冰霜苦，哀雁横天关塞难。
料得故园今夜梦，随风应已到长安。
狱中对月译文及注释
译文
逼人的寒气耿耿的星光，漏声丁丁角声悠悠夜正长。
他乡为客愁多泪已流尽，醉眼朦胧只见窗外月光。
绕树乌鸦风霜凄苦无栖处，横空哀雁关塞艰难向何方。
遥想故园亲人今夜之梦，定然是随风来到我身旁。
注释
耿耿：明亮的样子。
漏：见黄景仁七绝《癸巳除夕偶成》注。丁丁（zhēng zhēng）：滴漏声。画角残：军中画角声音凄惨。
客泪句：意为自己老泪纵横，随着无边无际的寒夜和悲苦已经流尽了。
醉中看：看见月亮朦朦胧胧，如同醉后看月。
栖乌绕树：曹操《短歌行》：“月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，无枝可依。”意为自己有家难回。
哀雁：杜牧《早雁》：“金河秋半虏弦哀，云外惊飞四散哀。”以哀雁比喻人民流离失所。
故园今夜梦：指故乡妻子的梦境。
长安：代指当时京城北京。此二句系运用杜甫《月夜》纯从对面写去的手法。
参考资料：
1、邓楚栋，邓亚文编注. 五朝千家诗 下 明清千家诗[M]. 北京：中国广播电视出版社, 2008.01.第137页
2、刘琦，郭长海，吕树坤译注. 清诗三百首译析[M]. 长春：吉林文史出版社, 2014.02.第29-30页
狱中对月创作背景
清顺治末年，山东于七起义。时任浙江按察使的宋琬，因遭族诬陷说与山东登州起义者于七相通，被捕入狱，拘囚三年。这首诗即是作者当时在狱中所作。
参考资料：
1、刘琦，郭长海，吕树坤译注. 清诗三百首译析[M]. 长春：吉林文史出版社, 2014.02.第29-30页
2、魏清荣编著. 中国百家文学名著鉴赏 诗歌 2[M]. 福州：福建教育出版社, 1997.第146页
狱中对月鉴赏
此诗抒发了作者蒙冤受屈后的孤栖之苦、愤懑之情和对妻子的深沉怀念。
首联写夜深难眠，以景写情。“疏星耿耿”，明写星光幽冷，暗写狱中对月。月明星稀疏星耿耿，只有几颗晶亮的星星发着清光，只有对月时才可见。但诗人没有直接写对月，这主要是为了突出“逼人寒”。寒气逼人，说明季节已是深秋，时间已是深夜，内心的凄苦和气温的寒冷互为作用，一个“逼”字尽传精神。“清漏丁丁”，丁丁之声清晰可辨，夜静无哗，愁人失眠；这漏声敲击着诗人的心扉。“画角残”，画角声残，其声如呜咽哀鸣，且暗寓夜深之意。这一联取星、漏、角等物，从空中写到地上，从远方写到近处，以形象、声音气温诸方面来渲染狱中凄冷的气氛。
颔联写冤苦不尽，以态写情。一写“泪”，久系狱中，辛酸的眼泪已同那无边无际的愁苦流尽了。说“尽”，意为不尽的泪水已完了，显示了愁苦之深，实为说愁不尽泪不止。一写“醉”，以酒浇愁愁更愁，醉中看月，一片漾胧，是醉眼惺松，也是泪眼模糊，身陷囹满腹愁怨，无处申说，无法辩白，只有将无尽哀苦倾向天边月亮。因“泪”而要以酒解愁因“醉”使泪更无法遏止。诗人没有写呼天地的呼叫，也没有写滔滔不尽的诉说，只有流泪、酒醉之态，充分流露出苦情深衷。同时，醉中看月，拓展了诗人思想翱翔的空间，引出了下文的两层具体的叙写。
颈联写处境艰难，以喻写情。一是借栖乌绕树喻被囚之苦。曹操《短歌行》诗云:“月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依。”曹操说栖鸟无枝可栖是讲自己无所依托，诗人于此则进一层说在冰霜苦寒的环境中，乌鹊无处可栖，自己只有蹲在这冰冷的监狱中。一以哀雁喻自己有家难归。雁南来北往，有一定规律，哀雁为失群的雁，要想南归可是关塞阻断，十分艰难。诗人以哀雁横天的景象，喻指自己流落他乡，有家归不得。“栖乌”、“哀雁形象本身就传达出令人心悸的情味。“冰霜苦”言狱中苦况，“关塞难”言途中险阻，既反映了诗人囚居的艰苦生活，也表现了对蒙冤的怨愤之情。
尾联写想念家人，以思写情。诗人狱中望月，举头见雁，其思想飞越关山，回到自己的家园。“料得故园今夜梦，随风应已到长安”，“故园”指作者家乡山东莱阳，“长安”借指北京，诗人不直说自己思念家中的妻子儿女，而说家人梦中应到自己这里，这就如杜甫《月夜》中所写“今夜州月，中只独看。遥怜小儿女，未解忆长安。香雾云餐湿，清辉玉臂寒。何时倚虚晃，双照泪痕干。”从对面写来曲折宛达。由此适见其思念之深，且楚楚动人，别有韵味。这首诗以明月作为情感的触媒，通过狱中“对月”，极写被囚之人心中的无限悲愁，以及对故园、亲人的深切怀念。同时，又由明月引出栖乌、哀雁，抒写人生道路的曲折、艰难，通篇情景交融，浑然一体，感人至深。
此诗通过狱中“对月”，极写被囚之人心中的无限悲愁，以及对故园、亲人的深切怀念。同时，又由明月引出栖乌、哀雁，抒写人生道路的曲折、艰难。围绕着《狱中对月》的诗题，多侧面、多层次地展开叙写，又处处紧扣着怨愤之情，由于取景典型，用喻贴切，刻画入微，想象合理，通篇情景交融，浑然一体，感人至深，余味不匮。
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周邦彦《
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忆旧游·记愁横浅黛》
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顾夐《
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杨柳枝·秋夜香闺思寂寥》
宋琬简介
唐代·宋琬的简介
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宋琬（1614～1674）清初著名诗人，清八大诗家之一。字玉叔，号荔裳，汉族，莱阳（今属山东）人。顺治四年进士，授户部主事，累迁永平兵仆道、宁绍台道。族子因宿憾，诬其与闻逆谋，下狱三年。久之得白，流寓吴、越间，寻起四川按察使。琬诗入杜、韩之室，与施闰章齐名，有南施北宋之目，又与严沆、施闰章、丁澎等合称为燕台七子，著有《安雅堂集》及《二乡亭词》。
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刘基
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天净山气凉，溪浑夜来雨。篮舆度疏翠，初日照平楚。
高林半长烟，好鸟时自语。烦襟得萧散，似欲忘羁旅。
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祖师地种花及总颂四首 其四 总
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：
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释清远
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五叶花开后，山长水更深。乱云横谷口，游子谩追寻。