沁园春·寒食郓州道中
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宋代]：谢枋得
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十五年来，逢寒食节，皆在天涯。叹雨濡露润，还思宰柏，风柔日媚，羞看飞花。麦饭纸钱，只鸡斗酒，几误林间噪喜鸦。天笑道，此不由乎我，也不由他。
鼎中炼熟丹砂。把紫府清都作一家。想前人鹤驭，常游绛阙，浮生蝉蜕，岂恋黄沙。帝命守坟，王令修墓，男子正当如是邪。又何必，待过家上冢，书锦荣华。
沁园春·寒食郓州道中译文及注释
译文
十五年来，每逢寒食节，都是远离家乡，漂泊在天涯。在下雨的天气里，思念着坟墓上的柏树；在风和日丽的天气里，却又羞于见到飞花。寒食节自己不能供奉麦饭、纸钱、鸡和酒祭扫祖茔，林间的喜鹊乌鸦也空等了！老天笑道：这不是因为我，也不是因为元军的入侵。
自己早已深思熟虑，胸有成竹，如同鼎中丹砂炼熟，随时可以升天，以紫府清都仙界为家了。想以前仙人驾鹤常游于天上的绛阙；世俗之身如同蝉蜕壳一样被丢弃，岂能留恋于尘埃浊世？帝王命臣子守坟、修葺墓园，男子应当这样报效君王。又何必等到回家上坟，如同白天衣锦还乡一样显示荣华！
注释
沁园春：词牌名，又名“东仙”“寿星明”“洞庭春色”等。
郓（yùn）州：北宋州名，治所须城，即今山东东平。这里用北宋旧名，以示不忘故国。
宰柏：坟墓上的柏树，又称宰树、宰木。
飞花：切寒食节。
只鸡斗酒：均指祭品。
几误林间噪喜鸦：祭扫过后，林间的鸦鹊就可来啄食这些祭品，由于自己多年末能祭扫，故耽误了鸦鹊。几，屡次。
紫府清都：道家称仙人居住之地为紫府；清都，指天帝所居的官。
绛阙：指神仙宫阙。苏轼《水龙吟》：“古来云海茫茫，道山绛阙知何处”？
黄沙：意指尘埃浊世。
过家上家：回家乡上坟。此处非泛说，而是特指奉皇帝之命回家祭告先祖，显示皇帝的恩宠。
书锦：意指富贵还乡。
参考资料：
1、《唐宋词观止》编委会编． 唐宋词观止 下：学林出版社，2015.11：第68页
2、史杰鹏著．宋词三百首正宗：华夏出版社，2014.03：第375页
沁园春·寒食郓州道中创作背景
该词是谢枋得当年过郓州时所作。宋朝灭亡之后，元朝不断南征。其间，作者一直隐居在闽中，直到至元二十六年（1289），元统治者强行逼迫词人北上，中途遇寒食节，遂作此词。词人四月到了燕京，但最终绝食而死，年仅六十四岁。
参考资料：
1、林力、肖剑主编．宋词鉴赏大典 ：长征出版社，1999年11月第1版：第1674-1675页
沁园春·寒食郓州道中鉴赏
上片主要抒发了词人的思乡之情。已经十五年没有回家过寒食节，说明词人在外漂泊已久，“皆在天洲”是夸张手法，说明词人思乡情浓，也暗含当时国破家亡，百姓饱受流离失所之苦。“叹雨濡”四句写词人虽背井离乡，但无时无刻不在挂念家中。十五年都没有回家为祖茔扫坟祭墓，连“宰柏”都令词人思念不已。而在阳光明媚的时节，词人羞见飞花”，羞见的原因不想自知。“飞花”此处指热同繁盛之所，国破家亡之际，自己身为人臣，却无力挽大厦之将倾，实在羞愧。“麦饭”三句，写林中的喜、乌鸦原本可以食祭祀之物，但由于自己多年未祭，连它们都要空等了。表面词人在怜喜乌鸦，实则在为自己的不幸慨叹。最后一句，词人委婉地表达了对元统治者的愤慨。
下片一改上片悲痛沉郁之风，转而抒发豪情。起首两句，词人借用道家之说，流露出自己早已看破生死、愿与神仙天帝成作一家的想法，表明词人为坚守气节，视死如归。“想前人取”四句，进一步说明词人不恋红尘俗世，不愿荀且偷生，甚至渴望像前人一样，解脱之后驾鹤云游，逍遥自在。“帝命守坟，王令修墓，男子正当如是耶”三句，词人再次明志，表明自己誓死效忠宋朝，宁死不屈臣节的思想。正因为有了这种“忠臣不事二主”的思想，所以词人最后说此次北上，虽被元人逼迫，但自己心意已决，他们也不能奈何。再次强调自己的坚定信念。
该词由寒食节写起，词人先写自己的思乡之情，继而由家至国，表明自己决不愿做背信弃国的叛臣，即便舍弃性命也要保全臣节，从而升华了全词的思想境界，增强了词的艺术感染力。
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周邦彦《
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琐窗寒·寒食》
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白居易《
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寒食野望吟》
谢枋得简介
唐代·谢枋得的简介
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谢枋得(1226～1289年)：南宋进士，江西信州弋阳人，字君直，号叠山，别号依斋，担任六部侍郎，聪明过人，文章奇绝；学通“六经”，淹贯百家，带领义军在江东抗元，被俘不屈，在北京殉国，作品收录在《叠山集》。
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