相见欢·林花谢了春红
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五代]：李煜
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林花谢了春红，太匆匆。无奈朝来寒雨晚来风。
胭脂泪，相留醉，几时重。自是人生长恨水长东。(相留一作：留人)
相见欢·林花谢了春红译文及注释
译文
树林间的红花已经凋谢，花开花落，才有几时，实在是去得太匆忙了。也是无可奈何啊，花儿怎么能经得起那凄风寒雨昼夜摧残呢？
飘落遍地的红花，被雨水淋过，像是美人双颊上的胭脂在和着泪水流淌。花儿和怜花人相互留恋，如醉如痴，什么时候才能再重逢呢？人生从来就是令人怨恨的事情太多，就像那东逝的江水，不休不止，永无尽头。
注释
相见欢：原为唐教坊曲名，后用为词牌名。又名“乌夜啼”“秋夜月”“上西楼”。三十六字，上片三平韵，下片两仄韵两平韵。
谢：凋谢。
无奈朝来寒雨：一作“常恨朝来寒重”。
胭脂泪：原指女子的眼泪，女子脸上搽有胭脂，泪水流经脸颊时沾上胭脂的红色，故云。在这里，胭脂是指林花着雨的鲜艳颜色，指代美好的花。
相留醉：一本作“留人醉”。
几时重：何时再度相会。
参考资料：
1、陆林编注 ．宋词 ．北京 ：北京师范大学出版社 ，1992年11月版 ：第1-2页 ．
相见欢·林花谢了春红创作背景
这首词当作于公元975年（北宋太祖开宝八年）李煜被俘之后。南唐灭亡，李煜被俘北上，留居汴京（今河南开封）二年多。待罪被囚的生活使他感到极大的痛苦。他给金陵（今江苏南京）旧宫人的信说“此中日夕，只以眼泪洗面”。此词即写于作者身为阶下囚时期。
参考资料：
1、陆林编注 ．宋词 ．北京 ：北京师范大学出版社 ，1992年11月版 ：第1-2页 ．
2、吴熊和 ．唐宋词通论 ．杭州 ：浙江古籍出版社 ，1989年3月第二版 ：第187页 ．
相见欢·林花谢了春红鉴赏
南唐后主的这种词，都是短幅的小令，况且明白如话，不待讲析，自然易晓。他所“依靠”的，不是粉饰装做，扭捏以为态，雕琢以为工，这些在他都无意为之；所凭的只是一片强烈直爽的情性。其笔亦天然流丽，如不用力，只是随手抒写。这些自属有目共见。但如以为他这“随手”就是任意“胡来”，文学创作都是以此为“擅场”，那自然也是一个笑话。即如首句，先出“林花”，全不晓毕竟是何林何花，继而说是“谢了春红”，乃知是春林之红花，——而此春林红花事，已经凋谢。可见这所谓“随手”“直写”，正不啻书家之“一波三过折”，全任“天然”，“不加修饰”，意欲成“文”，诚梦呓之言也。
且说以春红二字代花，即是修饰，即是艺术，天巧人工，总须“两赋而不来”方可。此春红者，无待更言，乃是极美好可爱之名花无疑，可惜竟已凋谢。调零倘是时序推迁，自然衰谢，虽是可惜，毕竟理所当然，尚可开解；如今却是朝雨暮风，不断摧残之所致。名花之凋零，如美人之夭逝，其为可怜可痛，不止倍蓰。以此可知，“太匆匆”一句，叹息中着一“太”字；“风雨”一然，愤慨中着一“无奈”字，皆非普通字眼，质具千钧，情同一恸矣。若明此义，则上片三句，亦千回百转之情怀，又匪特一笔三过折也。讲说文学之事，切宜细思寻玩，方不致误认古人皆荒率浅薄之妄人，方能于人于己两有所益。
过片三字句三叠句，前二句换暗韵仄韵，后一句归原韵，别有风致。但“胭脂泪”三字，异样哀艳，尤宜着眼。于是让人们想到杜甫的名句“林花着雨胭脂湿”（《曲江对雨》），此乃南唐后主也熟读杜诗之证也。后主分明从杜少陵的“林花”而来，而且因朝来寒“雨”竟使“胭脂”尽“湿”，其思路十分清楚，但是假若后主在过片竟也写下“胭脂湿”三个大字，便成了老大一个笨伯，鹦鹉学舌，难有意味。他毕竟是艺苑才人，他将杜句加以消化，提炼，只运化了三字而换了一个“泪”字来代“湿”，于是便青出于蓝，而大胜于蓝，便觉全幅因此一字而生色无限。
“泪”字已是神奇，但“醉”亦非趁韵谐音的妄下之字。此醉，非陶醉俗义，盖悲伤凄惜之甚，心如迷醉也。
末句略如上片歇拍长句，也是运用叠字衔联法：“朝来”“晚来”，“长恨”，“长东”，前后呼应更增其异曲而同工之妙，即加倍具有强烈的感染力量。顾随先生论后主，以为“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流”，其美中不足在“恰似”，盖明喻不如暗喻，一语道破“如”“似”，意味便浅。按这种说法，则“自是人生长恨水长东”，恰好免去此一微疵，使尽泯“比喻”之迹，而笔致转高一层矣。学文者于此，宜自寻味，美意不留，芳华难驻，此恨无穷，而无情东逝之水，不舍昼夜，“淘尽”之悲，苏轼亦云，只是表现之风格手法不同，非真有异也。
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周邦彦《
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六丑·落花》
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柳永《
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鹤冲天·黄金榜上》
李煜简介
唐代·李煜的简介
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李煜，五代十国时南唐国君，961年-975年在位，字重光，初名从嘉，号钟隐、莲峰居士。汉族，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。南唐元宗李璟第六子，于宋建隆二年(961年)继位，史称李后主。开宝八年，宋军破南唐都城，李煜降宋，被俘至汴京，封为右千牛卫上将军、违命侯。后因作感怀故国的名词《虞美人》而被宋太宗毒死。李煜虽不通政治，但其艺术才华却非凡。精书法，善绘画，通音律，诗和文均有一定造诣，尤以词的成就最高。千古杰作《虞美人》、《浪淘沙》、《乌夜啼》等词。在政治上失败的李煜，却在词坛上留下了不朽的篇章，被称为“千古词帝”。
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燃灯传七祖，杖锡为诸侯。来去云无意，东西水自流。
青山春满目，白日夜随舟。知到梁园下，苍生赖此游。
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谒张曲江祠
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清代：
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朱彝尊
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峻坂盘神树，阴崖凿鬼工。芳尘羽扇冷，春燕玉堂空。
不睹关门险，谁开造化功。经过遗像肃，千载岭云东。
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水龙吟·玉皇殿阁微凉
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宋代：
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辛弃疾
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玉皇殿阁微凉，看公重试薰风手。高门画戟，桐阴阁道，青青如旧。兰佩空芳，蛾眉谁妒，无言搔首。甚年年却有，呼韩塞上，人争问、公安否。
金印明年如斗。向中州、锦衣行昼。依然盛事，貂蝉前后，凤麟飞走。富贵浮云，我评轩冕，不如杯酒。待从公，痛饮岁，伴庄椿寿。