满江红·燕子楼中
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宋代]：文天祥
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和王夫人《满江红》韵，以庶几后山《妾薄命》之意。
燕子楼中，又捱过、几番秋色。相思处、青年如梦，乘鸾仙阙。肌玉暗消衣带缓，泪珠斜透花钿侧。最无端蕉影上窗纱，青灯歇。
曲池合，高台灭。人间事，何堪说！向南阳阡上，满襟清血。世态便如翻覆雨，妾身元是分明月。笑乐昌一段好风流，菱花缺。
满江红·燕子楼中译文及注释
译文
燕子楼中，又煎熬过去了几度春秋岁月。怀念青春美好时光，正像美人乘鸾上仙阙，都已梦幻般飘逝。容颜悄悄地枯萎，衣带渐渐地宽缓，成串的珠泪滚落，湿透了花钿鬓侧。最无缘无故的是，芭蕉叶影倒映上窗纱，青灯又恰恰熄灭。
曲池合拢，高台倾毁，人问万事，哪能一一诉说。面对着南阳阡墓，襟袖上洒满了泪血。人情世态，就像变化无常的风雨；我矢志不移，本来就是一轮不变的明月。可笑乐昌公主，曾有过那么一段美好风流的时光。最终不免铜镜残缺。
注释
满江红：词牌名，九十三字，上片八句，下片十句。调有仄韵、平韵两体。仄韵词宋人填者最多，其体不一。
王夫人：王清惠。后山，陈师道字，他的集中有《妾薄命》篇。
燕子楼： 在江苏铜山县城西北隅。张建封筑。
鸾仙阙：仙阙，仙境。
衣带缓：指消瘦。
花钿（diàn）：古代妇女头上妆饰。
南阳阡上：南阳，今河南沁阳县。阡，墓道，指王清惠所葬地。
菱花缺：指南朝徐德言、乐昌公主破镜重圆事。
参考资料：
1、张璋选编 黄畲笺注,历代词萃,河南人民出版社,1983年04月第1版,第256页
2、张璋,中华词综,中国和平出版社,1994年11月第1版,第245页
3、王洪主编,唐宋词精华分卷,朝华出版社,1991年10月第1版,第1260页
满江红·燕子楼中创作背景
祥兴二年（1279年），文天祥用王清惠的口气，用王词的原韵，代她写了一首《满江红·代王夫人作》。文天祥在写了《满江红·代王夫人作》之后，余意未尽，大约在一两年之后，又按王清惠词的原韵，和作了一首《满江红·燕子楼中》。
参考资料：
1、谢柏著,少年不识愁滋味：宋词，我的温柔体验,哈尔滨出版社,2009.01,第244-246页
2、苏者聪著,宋代女性文学,武汉大学出版社,1997年11月第1版,第265页
满江红·燕子楼中鉴赏
这首词整篇用唐代张惜的宠姬关盼盼自比，以一个女子的口吻写出了词人的爱国赤心。
“燕子楼中，又捱过、几番秋色”，被拘已历经数年，一个“捱”字道出了内心无时不在的煎熬之苦，有情者品此字，似可见高楼小窗前一位孤愁女子引颈翘望而又眉心锁紧、黯然失神的形象情景；用“秋色”代岁月，也可显示词人心底之情，年年春夏秋冬四时景色，但对于拘囚于敌的人来说，眼前心头却尽是萧瑟之秋，形象传达出词人当时的心境。“相思处、青年如梦，乘鸾仙阙”，这是对过去美好生活的追忆。看眼前凄凉，不自觉处又忆起那些乘鸾鸟上仙阙的时日。然而这一切都是梦的影子，不可唤回了，于是，只落得“肌玉暗消衣带缓，泪珠斜透花钿侧”，面对已发生巨变的生活，自己愁也多忧也极，一天天地肌肤消瘦红颜隐褪，倒是衣带越来越宽松了；每天以泪洗面，屈辱忧愤的泪水打湿了绣枕。“最无端蕉影上窗纱，青灯歇”，最难忍受的还是入夜芭蕉树影在薄薄的窗纱上摇曳．青灯闪烁，独歇垂泪的时节。这一段词人用比喻，极力渲染铺写自己当时处境的艰难，为下片明志设下铺垫。
“曲池合，高台灭。人间事，何堪说！”高台曲池变幻覆灭只在朝夕，人世间的这些事又怎能一一说起这是词人暗喻国家已亡的现实。以下几句词人引用典故直述心志：“向南陌阡上，满襟清血。世态便如翻覆雨，妾身元是分明月。”我对祖国的忠贞不渝，恰如美人向旧主墓道上倾泻的千行血泪；世事沧桑，新朝已代旧主，奔走追逐新主者大有人在，但我却永如那正上中天的皓月清明无瑕，精忠不二。这里词人用，“分明月”比喻自己亮可鉴人的忠国之心，乃是该词的心脏所在。词的最后两旬用典，借对乐昌公主的讥笑，再次申明自己的态度，“笑乐昌一段好风流，菱花缺”，乐昌公主你心迹有变，一段风流旧事转瞬即逝，然那菱花破镜却是一碎再不能重圆了。词人表面笑乐昌，却实是嗤笑那些随波逐流、得意一时的新贵，具有强烈的蔑视和讽刺意味。
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麦孟华《
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解连环·酬任公用梦窗留别石帚韵》
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葛长庚《
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凤栖梧·绿暗红稀春已暮》
文天祥简介
唐代·文天祥的简介
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文天祥（1236.6.6－1283.1.9），字履善，又字宋瑞，自号文山，浮休道人。汉族，吉州庐陵（今江西吉安县）人，南宋末大臣，文学家，民族英雄。宝祐四年（1256年）进士，官到右丞相兼枢密史。被派往元军的军营中谈判，被扣留。后脱险经高邮嵇庄到泰县塘湾，由南通南归，坚持抗元。祥光元年（1278年）兵败被张弘范俘虏，在狱中坚持斗争三年多，后在柴市从容就义。著有《过零丁洋》、《文山诗集》、《指南录》、《指南后录》、《正气歌》等作品。
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明代：
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胡应麟
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衡阳七十峰，洞庭八百里。翛然五亩宅，结搆傍江汜。
仄径穿藤萝，层轩萟桃李。白云何英英，丹霞亦靡靡。