昭君怨·园池夜泛
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宋代]：张鎡
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月在碧虚中住，人向乱荷中去。花气杂风凉，满船香。
云被歌声摇动，酒被诗情掇送。醉里卧花心，拥红衾。
昭君怨·园池夜泛译文及注释
译文
月亮挂在碧空，月影倒映在池水中，词人乘游船划向荷花深处。凉风夹着荷花荷叶的清香吹送过来，满船芳香。
歌声飘入云霄，冷香飞上笔端，酒酿诗情，诗助酒意。醉酒舟中，因船在池中，莲花倒映水底，故而好像身卧花心，拥盖着纷披的红被子。
注释
昭君怨：词牌名。双调，四十字，前后段各四句，两仄韵，两平韵。
碧虚：蓝天。
乱：指荷叶疏密、浓淡、高低、参差之态。
掇送：催迫。
衾：被子。
昭君怨·园池夜泛创作背景
这首词具体创作年代已不详。张鎡是宋代名将张浚的后代，临安城里的豪富。词人月夜泛舟，满园池的荷花在月光下香气逼人，激发词人的词兴写下的这首咏荷之词。
参考资料：
1、宋春正编．中国文化史丛书 文学卷 历代词赋：河南大学出版社，2005.01：220
昭君怨·园池夜泛鉴赏
南宋小朝廷虽蜗居在“一勺西湖水”边，但大官僚家庭依旧是起高楼，宴宾客，修池苑，蓄声妓。据《齐东野语》记载，张鎡家中，“园池、声妓、服玩之丽甲天下”，“姬侍无虑百数十人，列行送客，烛光香雾，歌吹杂作，客皆恍然如游仙也”。这首词写的也是欢娱不足，夜泛园地、依红偎翠的生活，就思想内容来说，除了作为当时上层社会生活的诗化记录外，并没有多少积极意义，但这首词和一般的艳体词又有一些区别，作者将“香雾”、“歌吹”移带碧池月下，艳丽中透出秀洁，富贵化成了清雅，主人公因过份的享受而迟钝了的感觉也在大自然中变得细腻而敏感了，“夜泛”带上了更多的艺术情调。
开头一句“月在碧虚中住”，采用了化实为虚，虚实交映的描写手法。“碧虚”如张九龄《送宛句赵少府》：“修竹含清景，华池淡碧虚。”这一句将天空之碧虚融入池水之碧虚中，虚实不分，一个“住”字写出了夜池映月，含虚映碧的清奇空灵的景色。“人向乱荷中去”，由景而人，“乱”字写出了荷叶疏密、浓淡、高低、参差之态，“去”字将画面中的人物推入乱荷深处。“花气杂风凉，满船香。”这两句重点写“夜泛”，作者又将舟行的过程化为风凉花香的感受来写。凉夜泛舟，香雾空蒙。视觉失去了作用，而其它感观却随之敏锐起来，丝丝凉风，幽幽清香，均能感受到。借助嗅觉和听觉，不仅暗示了舟的移动，而且流露出作者泛舟荷池的愉悦：舟行其间，凉风拂面，月光如水，墨荷点点，使人感觉恍入仙境，凡胎脱尽，道骨仙风。
下片开头写“云被歌声摇动”，雕缕无形：一路清歌，舟移水动，水底云天也随之摇动，作者将这种虚幻的倒影照“实”写来，再现了池中天光水色深融无间的美景，又暗用秦青歌遏行云的典故，含蓄地赞叹了歌伎声色之美，这一句，写池光与天光合一，融化之妙，如盐在水。在这种清雅的环境中，“酒被诗情掇送”，冷香飞上笔端，“掇送”者，催迫也。于是，下面写醉卧粉阵红围中。词作又一次化实为虚，一语双关，避免了堕入恶趣。“醉里卧花心，拥红衾”，词写的是醉酒舟中，美人相伴，拥红扶翠，但因舟在池中，莲花倒映水底，“醉后不知天在水”，似乎身卧花心，覆盖着纷披红荷。结束能化郑为雅，保持清丽的格调。
据《青箱杂记》卷五载：晏殊选诗，凡格调猥俗而脂腻者皆不载；他每吟咏富贵，不言金玉锦绣，而惟说其气象，如所写“楼台侧畔杨花过，帘幕中间燕子飞”、“梨花院落溶溶月，柳絮池塘淡淡风”等句子，不言富贵，不镂金银，而富贵自在其中，了无痕迹。曾自言：“穷儿家有这景致也无？”晏殊的诗论对于我们理解这首词有一定的帮助，这首词也是表现园池胜景、富贵生活的，但词作不是堆金砌玉，而是化实为虚，以气象暗喻富贵。如以写景而论，这首词是声色俱美，其色有碧虚、红衾、白云、翠荷，其声有歌声、水声、风声，其嗅有花香、酒香，但这一切被安置在明月之下，碧虚之上，浓艳就变成了清丽，富贵的景致就淡化成为一种氤氲的气象，深得晏殊诗词意境之妙。
当然，这只是一种符合贵族阶层审美趣味的文化生活，然而，它毕竟比一味描写感官享受的同类内容的作品提供了更多的东西，因此，也就显得更为高明。
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李白《
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宿清溪主人》
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卢纶《
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宿澄上人院》
张鎡简介
唐代·张鎡的简介
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张鎡，字功甫，原字时可。因慕郭功甫，故易字功甫。号约斋。居临安，卜居南湖。循王张俊之曾孙。隆兴二年（1164），为大理司直。淳熙年间直秘阁通判婺州。庆元初为司农寺主簿，迁司农寺丞。开禧三年（1207）与谋诛韩侂胄，又欲去宰相史弥远，事泄，于嘉定四年十二月被除名象州编管，卒于是年后。张鎡出身华贵，能诗擅词，又善画竹石古木。尝学诗于陆游。尤袤、杨万里、辛弃疾、姜夔等皆与之交游。《齐东野语》载“其园池声妓服玩之丽甲天下”，又以其牡丹会闻名于世。
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黄金缕水细粼粼，葑合平池绿似云。鹦鹉无言初病瘴，丁香不结又经春。
行稀蜡屐留前齿，坐久玉琴生断纹。几度凭栏愁举袂，春花半作庾公尘。