饯别王十一南游
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唐代]：刘长卿
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饯别王十一南游译文及注释
译文
望着你的小船驶向茫茫云水，频频挥手惜别泪水沾湿佩巾。
你像一只飞鸟不知归宿何处，留下这一片青山空对着行人。
江水浩浩一叶孤帆远远消失，落日下你将欣赏着五湖之美。
谁能见我伫立汀洲上怀念你，望着白蘋心中充满无限愁情。
注释
饯别：设酒食送行。王十一：名不详，排行十一。
烟水：茫茫的水面。
飞鸟：比喻远行的人。没何处：侧写作者仍在凝望。没：消失。
空向人：枉向人，意思是徒增相思。
落日：指王十一到南方后，当可看到夕照下的五湖春色。五湖：这里指太湖。此句与下面“谁见”两句均出自梁朝柳恽《江南曲》：“汀洲采白蘋，落日江南春。洞庭有归客，潇湘逢故人。故人何不返，春花复应晚。不道新知乐，只言行路远。”
汀（tīng）洲：水边或水中平地。
白蘋（pín）：水中浮草，花白色，故名。
参考资料：
1、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009：125
2、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：410-411
饯别王十一南游鉴赏
这是首送别诗，写与友人离别时的情景。友人已乘舟向烟水迷蒙的远方驶去，但诗人还在向他洒泪挥手送别。渐渐地，看不见友人的旅舟了，江面上鸟在飞着，不知它们要飞往何处；远处只有青山默默地对着诗人。朋友乘坐的船儿沿长江向远处去了，诗人在斜阳里伫立，想象着友人即将游五湖的情景。就这样离别了，不知有谁知道诗人对朋友的悠悠相思。诗人借助眼前景物，通过遥望和凝思，来表达离愁别恨，手法新颖，不落俗套。
诗题虽是“饯别”，但诗中看不到饯别的场面，甚至一句离别的话语也没有提及。诗一开始，他的朋友王十一（此人名字爵不详）已经登舟远去，小船行驶在浩渺的长江之中。诗人远望着烟水空茫的江面，频频挥手，表达自己依依之情。此时，江岸上只留下诗人自己。友人此刻又如何，读者已无从知道，但从诗人送别的举动，却可想象到江心小舟友人惜别的情景。笔墨集中凝炼，构思巧妙。诗人以“望”、“挥手”、“泪沾巾”这一系列动作，浓墨渲染了自己送别友人时的心情。他没有直抒心中所想，而是借送别处长江两岸的壮阔景物入诗，用一个“望”字，把眼前物和心中情融为一体，让江中烟水、岸边青山、天上飞鸟都来烘托自己的惆怅心情。
第三句是虚实结合，诗中“飞鸟”隐喻友人的南游，写出了友人的远行难以预料，倾注了自己的关切和忧虑。“没”字，暗扣“望”。“何处”则点明凝神远眺的诗人，目光久久地追随着远去的友人，愁思绵绵，不绝如缕。真诚的友情不同于一般的客套，它不在当面应酬，而在别后思念。诗人对朋友的一片真情，正集聚在这别后的独自久久凝望上。这使人联想到《三国演义》描写刘备与徐庶分别时的情景。
然而，目力所及总是有限的。朋友远去了，再也望不到了。别后更谁相伴？只见一带青山如黛，依依向人。一个“空”字，不只点出了诗人远望朋友渐行渐远直至消失的情景，同时烘托出诗人此时空虚寂寞的心境。回曲跌宕之中，见出诗人借景抒情的功力。
五六两句，从字面上看，似乎只是交代了朋友远行的起止：友人的一叶风帆沿江南去，渐渐远行，抵达五湖（当指太湖）畔后休止。然而，诗句所包含的意境却不止于此。友人的行舟消逝在长江尽头，肉眼是看不到了，但是诗人的心却追随友人远去一直伴送他到达目的地。在诗人的想象中，他的朋友正在夕阳灿照的太湖畔观赏明媚的春色。
诗的最后，又从恍惚的神思中折回到送别的现场来。诗人站在汀洲之上，对着秋水苹花出神，久久不忍归去，心中充满着无限愁思。情景交融，首尾相应，离思深情，悠然不尽。
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韦应物《
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赋得暮雨送李胄》
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韦应物《
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赋得暮雨送李胄》
刘长卿简介
唐代·刘长卿的简介
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刘长卿(约726 — 约786)，字文房，汉族，宣城（今属安徽）人，唐代诗人。后迁居洛阳，河间（今属河北）为其郡望。玄宗天宝年间进士。肃宗至德中官监察御史，后为长洲县尉，因事下狱，贬南巴尉。代宗大历中任转运使判官，知淮西、鄂岳转运留后，又被诬再贬睦州司马。德宗建中年间，官终随州刺史，世称刘随州。
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陈仲怡刺史留饮寓斋看灯屏同李蘧门作
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兵乱后自嬄杂诗 其八
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宋代：
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吕本中
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夷甫终隳晋，群胡迫帝居。王纲板荡后，国势土崩初。
戈戟连梁苑，头颅塞浚渠。天心应助顺，侧听十行书。
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八声甘州·被西风吹不断新愁
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宋代：
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魏了翁
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被西风吹不断新愁。吾归欲安归。望秦云苍憺，蜀山渺渀，楚泽平漪。鸿雁依人正急，不奈稻粱稀。独立苍茫外，数遍群飞。多少曹苻气势，只数舟燥苇，一局枯棋。更元颜何事，花玉困重围。算眼前、未知谁恃，恃苍天、终古限华夷。还须念，人谋如旧，天意难知。