终南别业
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唐代]：王维
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兴来每独往，胜事空自知。
终南别业译文及注释
译文
中年以后存有较浓的好道之心，直到晚年才安家于终南山边陲。
兴趣浓时常常独来独往去游玩，有快乐的事自我欣赏自我陶醉。
间或走到水的尽头去寻求源流，间或坐看上升的云雾千变万化。
偶然在林间遇见个把乡村父老，偶与他谈笑聊天每每忘了还家。
注释
①中岁：中年。好（hào）：喜好。道：这里指佛教。
②家：安家。南山：即终南山。陲（chuí）：边缘，旁边，边境；南山陲，指辋 川别墅所在地，意思是终南山脚下。
③胜事：美好的事。
④值：遇到。叟（sǒu）：老翁。
⑤无还期：没有回还的准确时间。
参考资料：
1、周向潮．初中生经典诵读200篇．杭州：浙江古籍出版社，2013：40
终南别业创作背景
此诗大约写于唐肃宗乾元元年（758）之后，是王维晚年的作品。王维晚年官至尚书右丞，职务不小。其实，由于政局变化反复，他早已看到仕途的艰险，便想超脱这个烦扰的尘世。他吃斋奉佛，悠闲自在，大约四十岁后，就开始过着亦官亦隐的生活。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：109-110
2、杨旭辉．唐诗鉴赏大辞典．北京：中华书局，2011：254-256
终南别业鉴赏
开头两句：“中岁颇好道，晚家南山陲。”叙述诗人中年以后即厌尘俗，而信奉佛教。“晚”是晚年；“南山陲”指辋川别墅所在地。此处原为宋之问别墅，王维得到这个地方后，完全被那里秀丽、寂静的田园山水陶醉了。他在《山中与裴秀才迪书》的信中说：“足下方温经，猥不敢相烦。辄便往山中，憩感兴寺，与山僧饭讫而去。北涉玄灞，清月映郭；夜登华子冈，辋水沦涟，与月上下。寒山远火，明灭林外；深巷寒犬，吠声如豹；村墟夜舂，复与疏钟相间。此时独坐，僮仆静默，多思曩昔携手赋诗，步仄径、临清流也。”
这段描述可以说明诗中第二联“兴来每独往，胜事空自知”中透露出来的闲情逸致。上一句“独往”，写出诗人的勃勃兴致；下一句“自知”，又写出诗人欣赏美景时的乐趣。与诗人有着同样兴趣爱好的人不多，兴致来时，他惟有独自游览，赏景怡情，能自得其乐，随处若有所得，他不求人知，只求自己心会其趣而已。
第三联，即说“胜事自知”。“行到水穷处”，是说随意而行，走到哪里算哪里，然而不知不觉，竟来到流水的尽头，看是无路可走了，于是索性就地坐了下来。
“坐看云起时”，是心情悠闲到极点的表示。云本来就给人以悠闲的感觉，也给人以无心的印象，因此陶潜才有“云无心以出岫”的话（见《归去来辞》）。通过这一行、一到、一坐、一看的描写，诗人此时心境的闲适也就明白地揭示出来了。此二句深为后代诗家所赞赏。近人俞陛云说：“行至水穷，若已到尽头，而又看云起，见妙境之无穷。可悟处世事变之无穷，求学之义理亦无穷。此二句有一片化机之妙。”（《诗境浅说》）这是很有见地的。再从艺术上看，这二句诗是诗中有画，天然便是一幅山水画。《宣和画谱》指出：“‘行到水穷处，坐看云起时’及‘白云回望合，青霭入看无’之类，以其句法，皆所画也。”
王维的诗与画极富禅机禅意，文学史上尊他为「诗佛」。他的两句话「行到水穷处，坐看云起时」，「水穷处」指的是什么？登山时溯流而上，走到最后溪流不见了。有一个可能是该处为山泉的发源地，掩于地表之下。另一个可能是下雨之后汇集而成的涧水在此地干枯了。这个登山者走著走著，走到水不见了，索性坐下来，看见山岭上云朵涌起。原来水上了天了，变成了云，云又可以变成雨，到时山涧又会有水了，何必绝望？
人生境界也是如此。在生命过程中，不论经营爱情、事业、学问等，勇往直前，后来竟发现是一条没法走的绝路，山穷水尽的悲哀失落难免出现。此时不妨往旁边或回头看，也许有别的路通往别处；即使根本没路可走，往天空看吧！虽然身体在绝境中，但是心灵还可以畅游太空，自在、愉快地欣赏大自然，体会宽广深远的人生境界，不觉得自己穷途末路。
此句有两种意境第一种，身处绝境时不要失望，因为那正是希望的开始；山里的水是因雨而有的，有云起来就表示水快来了。另一种境界是，即使现在不下雨也没关系，总有一天会下雨。从水穷到云起到下雨的过程，正如一个人在修行过程中遇到很大的困难，有身体的障碍，有心理的障碍，还有环境的障碍。如果因此而退心，要把念头回到初发心的观点上。初发心就是初发菩提心的时候。初发心时什么也没有，对修行的方法、观念都不了解。你先回溯当时的情形再看看目前，不是已经走了相当长的路了吗？所以不要失望，不要放弃。人生的每个阶段也都可能发生这种状况，如果用这种诗境来看待，处处会有活路的
最后一联：“偶然值林叟，谈笑无还期。”突出了“偶然”二字。其实不止遇见这林叟是出于偶然，本来出游便是乘兴而去，带有偶然性。“行到水穷处”又是偶然。“偶然”二字贯穿上下，成为此次出游的一个特色。而且正因处处偶然，所以处处都是“无心的遇合”，更显出心中的悠闲，如行云自由翱翔，如流水自由流淌，形迹毫无拘束。它写出了诗人那种天性淡逸，超然物外的风采，对于读者了解王维的思想是有认识意义的。
这首诗没有描绘具体的山川景物，而重在表现诗人隐居山间时悠闲自得的心境。诗的前六句自然闲静，诗人的形象如同一位不食人间烟火的世外高人，他不问世事，视山间为乐土。不刻意探幽寻胜，而能随时随处领略到大自然的美好。结尾两句，引入人的活动，带来生活气息，诗人的形象也更为可亲。
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王维《
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渭川田家》
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王维《
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积雨辋川庄作》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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海上会看云，飘飘迥不群。扶桑红日近，锦绣总成纹。
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去鲁歌
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两汉：
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佚名
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彼妇之口。
可以出走。
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剑池
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宋代：
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徐辅
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剑去池空水自寒，游人到此凭栏杆。年来自是销磨尽，只有青山好静看。
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长相思 后湖荷花
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清代：
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程颂万
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鸥一边。鹭一边。十里红红白白天。画成秋可怜。
花便娟。月便娟。生小吴娃双髻偏。耐郎来唤船。