咏怀古迹五首·其五
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唐代]：杜甫
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诸葛大名垂宇宙，宗臣遗像肃清高。
三分割据纡筹策，万古云霄一羽毛。
伯仲之间见伊吕，指挥若定失萧曹。
运移汉祚终难复，志决身歼军务劳。
咏怀古迹五首·其五译文及注释
译文
诸葛亮的大名永远留在天地间，他的遗像清高让人肃然起敬。
为了三分天下周密地筹划策略，万代好像鸾凤高翔，独步青云。
伊尹、吕尚难分伯仲，不相上下，指挥军队作战镇定从容，让萧何曹参都为之失色。
汉朝帝位转移是因为运气，诸葛亮也难以复兴，但他意志坚决，因军务繁忙而鞠躬尽瘁。
注释
臣：后人崇拜的大臣。
羽毛：指鸾凤。
身歼：身灭。
咏怀古迹五首·其五鉴赏
“诸葛大名垂宇宙”，上下四方为宇，古往今来为宙，“垂于宙”，将时间空间共说，给读者以“名满寰宇，万世不朽”的具体形象之感。首句如异峰突起，笔力雄放。次句“宗臣遗像肃清高”，进入祠堂，诗人瞻望诸葛遗像，不由肃然起敬，遥想一代宗臣，高风亮节，更添敬慕之情。“宗臣”二字，总领全诗。
接下去进一步具体写诸葛亮的才能、功绩。从艺术构思讲，它紧承首联的进庙、瞻像，诗人看了各种文物后，自然地对其丰功伟绩作出高度的评价：“三分割据纡筹策，万古云霄一羽毛。”纡，屈的意思。纡策而成三国鼎立之势，好比鸾凤高翔，独步青云，奇功伟业，历代敬仰。然而诗人用词精微，一个“纡”字，突出诸葛亮委屈地处在偏僻的地方，经世怀抱只能算“百施其一”而已，三分功业，也只不过是“雄凤一羽”罢了。“万古云霄”句形象有力，议论达情，情托于形，是议论中高于其他诗人之处。
诗人联想起诸葛亮超人的才智和胆略，如同见到了他那羽扇纶巾、一扫千军万马的潇洒风度。感情所至，诗人不由呼出“伯仲之间见伊吕，指挥若定失萧曹”的赞语。伊尹是商代开国君主汤的大臣，吕尚辅佐周文王、武王灭商有功，萧何和曹参，都是汉高祖刘邦的谋臣，汉初的名相，诗人盛赞诸葛亮的人品与伊尹、吕尚不相上下，而胸有成竹，从容镇定的指挥才能却使萧何、曹参为之黯然失色。这一方面是表现了对武侯的极度崇尚之情，同时也表现了作者不以事业成败持评的高人之见。刘克庄说：“卧龙没已千载，而有志世道者，皆以三代之佐许之。此诗侪之伊吕伯仲间，而以萧曹为不足道，此论皆自子美发之。”黄生说：这一评论，“区区以成败持评者，皆可废矣。”读者可见诗人这一论断的深远影响。
最后，“运移汉祚终难复，志决身歼军务劳。”诗人抱恨汉朝“气数”已终，长叹尽管有武侯这样稀世杰出的人物，下决心恢复汉朝大业，但竟未成功，反而因军务繁忙，积劳成疾而死于征途。这既是对诸葛亮“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”高尚品节的赞歌，也是对英雄未遂平生志的深切叹惋。
这首诗，由于诗人以自身肝胆情志吊古，所以能涤肠荡心，浩气炽情动人肺腑，成为咏古名篇。诗中除了“遗像”是咏古迹外，其余均是议论，不仅议论高妙，而且写得极有情韵。三分霸业，在后人看来已是赫赫功绩了，而对诸葛亮来说，轻若一羽：“萧曹”尚不足道，那区区“三分”就更不值得挂齿。诗句写得这样曲折跌宕，处处都是抬高了诸葛亮。这首诗通篇议论但不空泛，句句含情，层层蓄势，到诗的尾联达到高潮：“志决身歼军务劳。”——全诗就结束于这里的最强音上。
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刘长卿《
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长沙过贾谊宅》
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王昌龄《
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塞下曲》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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