归燕诗
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唐代]：张九龄
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岂知泥滓贱，只见玉堂开。
绣户时双入，华堂日几回。
无心与物竞，鹰隼莫相猜。
归燕诗译文及注释
译文
海燕虽然是细微渺小的，趁着春天也只是暂时回到北方。
以燕子不知泥滓之贱，只见玉堂开着。
便一日数次出入华堂绣户，衔泥作窠。
海燕无心与其他动物争权夺利，鹰隼不必猜忌、中伤。
注释
海燕：在中国古代，把比较宽阔的水域均成为海。“海燕”即指燕子。
虽微渺：虽然卑下低贱。
亦：也。
泥滓（ní zǐ）：泥渣。贱：卑贱。
玉堂：玉饰的殿堂，宫殿的美称，这里暗指朝廷。
绣户：华丽的居室，隐喻朝廷。
时：时而。
双：成双。
华堂：与上文“绣户”同义。
竞：竞争，争夺。
鹰隼（sǔn）：鹰和雕，泛指猛禽。
莫相猜：不要猜忌。相，一方对另一方（发出动作）。
参考资料：
1、王力 ．《古代汉语词典》 ：商务印书馆 ，2014年3月第2版 ．
归燕诗创作背景
作者是唐玄宗开元（713-741）年间的名相，以直言敢谏著称。公元736年（开元二十四年），张九龄觉察到皇帝对自己心生不满，终于向李林甫低头，写下这首诗赠与李林甫。然而李林甫并不心慈手软，很快借严挺之事件毁谤张九龄，导致其被罢相。《归燕诗》大约写于这年秋天。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等．《唐诗鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，1983：47-48
归燕诗鉴赏
刘禹锡《吊张曲江序》说张被贬之后，“有拘囚之思，托讽禽鸟，寄词草树，郁郁然与骚人同风。”这是知人之言。用这段话来评《归燕诗》同样是适合的，《归燕诗》就是“托讽禽鸟”之作。
诗从海燕“微眇”写起，隐寓诗人自己出身微贱，是从民间来的，不像李林甫那样出身华贵。“乘春亦暂来”句，表明自己在圣明的时代暂时来朝廷做官，如燕子春来秋去，是不会久留的。中间四句，以燕子不知“泥滓”之贱，只见“玉堂”开着，便一日数次出入其间，衔泥作窠，来隐寓自己在朝廷为相，日夜辛劳，惨淡经营。“绣户”、“华堂”和“玉堂”，都是隐喻朝廷。末句是告诫李林甫：我无心与你争权夺利，你不必猜忌、中伤我，我要退隐了。当时大权已经落在李林甫手中，张九龄自知不可能有所作为，他不得不退让，实则并非没有牢骚和感慨。
这首律诗对仗工整，语言朴素，风格清淡，如“轻缣素练”（张说评张九龄语）一般。它名为咏物，实乃抒怀，既写燕，又写人，句句不离燕子，却又是张九龄的自我写照。作者的艺术匠心，主要就表现在他选择了最能模写自己的形象的外物──燕子。句句诗不离燕子，但又不黏于燕子，达到不即不离的艺术境界。
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崔铉《
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咏架上鹰》
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朱彝尊《
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长亭怨慢·雁》
张九龄简介
唐代·张九龄的简介
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张九龄(678-740) : 唐开元尚书丞相，诗人。字子寿，一名博物，汉族，韶州曲江（今广东韶关市）人。长安年间进士。官至中书侍郎同中书门下平章事。后罢相，为荆州长史。诗风清淡。有《曲江集》。他是一位有胆识、有远见的著名政治家、文学家、诗人、名相。他忠耿尽职，秉公守则，直言敢谏，选贤任能，不徇私枉法，不趋炎附势，敢与恶势力作斗争，为“开元之治”作出了积极贡献。他的五言古诗，以素练质朴的语言，寄托深远的人生慨望，对扫除唐初所沿习的六朝绮靡诗风，贡献尤大。誉为“岭南第一人”。
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清代：
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明代：
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