香菱咏月·其三
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清代]：曹雪芹
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精华欲掩料应难，影自娟娟魄自寒。一片砧敲千里白，半轮鸡唱五更残。
绿蓑江上秋闻笛，红袖楼头夜倚栏。博得嫦娥应借问，缘何不使永团圆。
香菱咏月·其三译文及注释
译文
月亮的光华谁也难把她遮掩，她倩影多娟美可质地多清寒。广袤的原野一片银色传来捣衣声阵阵，雄鸡报晓夜色将可阑可残月仍挂天边。秋江里漂泊的旅人闻笛声更添愁绪，楼上伤情的少妇终夜里倦倚栏杆。惹得月宫里寂寞的嫦娥也不禁要问：是什么原因不使人们永远团圆。
注释
精华：月亮的光华。
半轮：残月。
闻笛：听见笛声。
倚栏：倦倚栏杆。
缘：缘故，原因。
何：为什么。
香菱咏月·其三创作背景
运不济、身世悲惨的香菱，原为乡宦小姐，后沦为奴隶，做了薛蟠之侍妾。她在大观园中的地位低于小姐而高于丫头。她渴望过贵族阶级的精神生活，因此“慕雅女雅集”，偶遇进园的机会，就一心一意跟黛玉学起诗来。香菱作诗取得了成功，曹雪芹着意塑造的香菱的形象也获得成功。
香菱咏月·其三鉴赏
这是香菱所作的第三首咏月诗。
经过前面一番艰苦的探索之后，香菱终于摸到了做诗的门径，因此此诗一出，就顿放异彩，成为一首具有真正艺术美的作品。诗的首联起句就显得气势不凡：“精华欲掩料应难”，表面上言浓密的云雾终究难以遮盖纯净皎洁的月光，实则暗示象香菱这样才情横溢的女子总有一天会脱颖而出，从而传达了学诗必能成功的坚定信念。次句把月亮形象与诗人的身世紧紧的联系起来，咏月而又咏人，两者水乳交融。“影娟娟”写月亮修美的外形；“魄自寒”，指月质清寒的特性。犹如香菱姣好的容貌中深藏着一颗凄凉又寥落的苦心。这位精华灵秀所钟的薄命女儿，却不幸沦落为粗鄙陋俗的呆霸王薛蟠之小妾，她痛苦的泪水永远是流不远的。因而这种顾影自怜的幽怨之情调，便在诗的颈联中委曲的道出：“一片砧声千里白”，以“一片”与“千里”对举，让“砧声”与“皎月”浑融，既写出了地域之广远，又道出了愁思之绵长，而且这种愁思，乃是由砧声（即妇人们在月夜中的捣衣声）所引发的。这里隐曲地传出达了香菱对远在江南的丈夫薛蟠的思念之情，因为薛蟠虽然与她并无谐和恩爱之情份，但从名份上来说，他毕竟还是她的丈夫，何况香菱除了他以外，并无一个亲人。接下的“半轮鸡唱”一句，仍然以景托情，则此时因见时光流逝而尝尽了不眠滋味的这位女诗人，便把满怀的愁绪，一腔的心事，尽托付这默默无言的半轮残月中，使客观的“月”与主观的“情”得到有机的融合，达到了诗美学上所谓“不隔”的艺术境界。
诗的颈联又在境界上作深一层的开掘，让这种深沉的哀愁扩散开来，使之具有更有为普遍的意义：同一个凄清的月夜，不知有多少身穿绿蓑的游子漂泊江上，因闻笛声而垂涕；又不知有多少红袖佳人徘徊楼头，倦倚栏杆而出神。因而这月夜中的愁思，就不仅是属于香菱本人的，也还是属于千千万万个与香菱有着同样的遭遇的伤心人的！这乃是一种亘古至今游子思妇所共有的绵绵愁恨！
诗尾联归结为无可奈何的感喟：“博得嫦娥应借问：何缘不使永团圆”？嫦娥因偷食长生不老药而不得不飞升登上月亮，与她的意中人后羿永远分离，想来她孤独凄凉的心是和世人并没有什么两样。故此处借嫦娥的一问，就问得新奇且意趣，并且诗的句意既做到曲折又能紧扣诗题，笔法老练而又寓意遥深。在小说中，众人评这首诗曰：“新奇而有意趣”，就不是毫无根据的溢美之辞。
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杨万里《
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八月十二日夜诚斋望月》
曹雪芹简介
唐代·曹雪芹的简介
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曹雪芹，名霑，字梦阮，号雪芹，又号芹溪、芹圃。清代著名文学家，小说家。先祖为中原汉人，满洲正白旗包衣出身。素性放达，曾身杂优伶而被钥空房。爱好研究广泛：金石、诗书、绘画、园林、中医、织补、工艺、饮食等。他出身于一个“百年望族”的大官僚地主家庭，因家庭的衰败饱尝人世辛酸，后以坚韧不拔之毅力，历经多年艰辛创作出极具思想性、艺术性的伟大作品《红楼梦》。
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