禾熟
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宋代]：孔平仲
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百里西风禾黍香，鸣泉落窦谷登场。
老牛粗了耕耘债，啮草坡头卧夕阳。
禾熟译文及注释
译文
阵阵西风，吹过平原，带来了禾黍的芳香；溅溅流泉，泻入沟渠，打谷场上一片繁忙。
只有它——经过了一年辛勤耕耘的老牛，闲适地躺在山坡上，嚼着草，沐浴着金色的夕阳。
注释
禾黍：禾与黍。泛指黍稷稻麦等粮食作物。
鸣泉：淙淙鸣响的泉水。
窦：此指水沟。
了：了却。
啮（niè）：同“嚼”，啃、咬。原作“齧”。
禾熟创作背景
作者孔平仲曾多次遭受贬谪，做过地方官吏。对农村的熟悉与了解，使他能够真切而生动地描绘出农村风光；而对官场的厌倦情绪，也正好借这野朴的乡村风俗得到淘洗与宽慰。
参考资料：
1、缪钺等 ．宋诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1987.12（2012.7重印） ：第1473页 ．
禾熟鉴赏
这首诗很像一幅古代农村风俗画。据钱钟书《宋诗选注》，清初著名画家恽格（寿平）曾借此诗题画。
首句“百里西风禾黍香”，大笔勾勒出农村金秋季节的画面。诗人或骑马、或乘车、或登高，放目四野，百里农田尽收眼底。那结满累累果实的稻谷黍粱，在西风吹拂下，波翻浪涌，香气袭人。面对此境，诗人为之深深陶醉。
“鸣泉落窦谷登场”一句，诗人收束目光，由阔大之景集中到泉水沟窦和一派繁忙景象的打谷场上。“鸣泉落窦”是眼前所见。淙淙流泉落于溪潭之上，发出清越的响声，与打谷场上繁忙的声响交杂一起，构成一幅喜人的农村秋景。李文渊《赋得四月清和雨乍晴》有“熏风到处田禾好，为爱农歌驻马听”之句，虽然写的是春景，但意境与此诗颇有相同之处，可以互相参阅。
“老牛粗了耕耘债，啮草坡头卧夕阳。”诗人的目光离开了繁忙的谷场，注目坡前，看到了刚释重负、横卧坡头啮草的老牛。这是一幅非常富有农村特色的画面：其景致的野朴，其风韵的淡远，传神写照。诗的主旨是通过对老牛的赞赏，抒发长期蕴积胸中的郁闷之情。诗人仕宦的坎坷，官场生活的劳苦，就如同老牛的“耕耘之债”一样。然而老牛的役债终有了结的时日，而他也希望尽早了却役债、像老牛那样释却重负、舒闲一下长期疲惫的心灵。
古人描写农事、抒发感怀的诗有不少。如王维“农月无闲人，倾家事南亩”（《新晴晚望》）；元稹“农收村落盛，社树新团圆”（《古社诗》）；欧阳修“田荒溪流入，禾熟雀声喧”（《陪府中诸官游城南》）；朱熹“农家向东作，百事集柴门”（《残腊》），但都不如孔平仲此诗抒情之深沉。
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孔平仲《
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禾熟》
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刘邦《
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大风歌》
孔平仲简介
唐代·孔平仲的简介
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孔平仲 北宋诗人。字义甫，一作毅父。新喻（今江西新余县）人。生卒年不详。治平二年(1065)举进士，曾任秘书丞、集贤校理，又提点江浙铸钱、京西刑狱。
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