闲居
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唐代]：姚合
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不自识疏鄙，终年住在城。
过门无马迹，满宅是蝉声。
带病吟虽苦，休官梦已清。
何当学禅观，依止古先生？
闲居译文及注释
译文
不知道自己生性疏懒粗鄙，一年到头住在繁华的都城。
门前从来没有车马的痕迹，院子里尽是一片蝉的叫声。
身上有病痛吟诗虽觉辛苦，不再做官梦境已变得幽清。
什么时候去学学禅机参悟，皈依佛家好古修道的先生。
注释
疏鄙：粗野，俗陋。这里指诗人自己疏懒的性格。
过门：登门；上门。
休官：辞去官职。
禅（chán）观：即禅理、禅道，学佛参禅。禅，梵语“禅那”的省略，意“静思自虐”，“思维修”，为心注一境、正深思虑的意思。观，即观照。
古先生：道家对佛的称呼。
参考资料：
1、王洪．中国古代诗歌精译．北京：朝华出版社，1993：456
2、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：582-583
闲居创作背景
此诗当作于姚合从秘书少监之职退下来之后，具体创作时间不详。姚合从一开始做官，就表现得三心二意，且抱着隐居的态度，致仕后更有向禅之心。此诗即表现其禅心，可与另一首禅诗《谢韬光上人赠百龄藤杖》以及其友人朱庆馀的《与贾岛顾非熊无可上人宿万年姚少府宅》一诗相互印证。
闲居鉴赏
姚合极称赏王维的诗，特别追求王诗中的一种“静趣”，此诗就反映了这个倾向。
首两句：姚合自称“野性多疏惰”（《闲居遣怀》其八）。一个性格疏懒，习于野性的人，认为不适宜为官临民，这在旁观者看是很清楚的。而自己偏不了解这点，终年住在城里，丝竹乱耳，案牍劳形，求静不得，求闲不能，皆由于自己的“不自识”。本不乐于城市，今终年住在城里，总得自己寻个譬解。古人说，大隐隐于市，因此认为在城市亦算是隐居。“县去帝城远，为官与隐齐。”（《武功县诗》）自己作这样一番解释，是明心迹，也见心安理得了。这儿写身处县城，却透露了心地的静趣。
景况也确是这样：这第二联写的正是适应自己疏鄙之性的境地，从首二句一气贯注而来。没有马迹过门，就是表明来访者稀少，为官很清闲。蝉声聒噪，充满庭院，是因无人惊扰，反觉闹中处静；写的满耳声音，却从声音中暗透一个“静”字。上句写出清闲，下句写出清静。正是于有声处见无声，反感静意笼罩。
在这清闲、清静的城中一隅，诗人是“带病吟虽苦，休官梦已清”。这第三联从“病”写性情。病，带点小病，旧时往往成为士大夫的风雅事；病而不废吟咏，更显得闲情雅致。现今“休官”，连小小的职务也不担任之后，真是梦境也感到很清闲，很清静了。写来步步幽深，益见静境。唐人由于受佛家思想影响，有所谓更高一层的境界，就是把生活逃遁于“禅”，所以第四联作者自问：何时能摒除一切萦心的俗务，求古先生（指佛）学这种禅观呢？观，即观照。妄念既除、则心自朗然无所不照。这样的境界，就是禅观（即禅理、禅道），是清闲、清静的更高一境。借禅理说心境，表现了诗人对当时吏治腐败、社会黑暗的鄙视厌恶之情，成功地描摹了作者所追求的艺术上静趣的境界。
姚合是写五律的能手。他刻意苦吟，层层写来，一气贯注；诗句平淡文雅，朴直中寓工巧，而又畅晓自然，所以为佳。
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左丘明《
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昔齐攻鲁,求其岑鼎》
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苏轼《
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浣溪沙·麻叶层层檾叶光》
姚合简介
唐代·姚合的简介
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姚合，陕州硖石人。生卒年均不详，约唐文宗太和中前后在世。以诗名。登元和十一年（公元八一六年）进士第。初授武功主簿，人因称为姚武功。调富平、万年尉。宝历中，（公元八二六年左右）历监察御史，户部员外郎。出任荆、杭二州刺史。后为给事中，陕、虢观察使。与马戴、费冠卿、殷尧藩、张籍游，李频师事之。诗与贾岛齐名，号称“姚、贾”。仕终秘书监。合著有诗集十卷，《新唐书艺文志》及选王维、祖咏等十八人诗，为极玄集一卷，又摭古人诗联，叙其措意，各有体要，撰诗例一卷，（均《唐才子传》）并传于世。
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